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公共指令AcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGracefulShutdownTimeoutGroupListenListenBackLogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersStartThreadsThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeUserApache MPM beosMaxRequestsPerThreadCoreDumpDirectoryGroupListenListenBacklogMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeStartThreadsUserApache MPM eventAcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGroupListenListenBacklogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeUserApache MPM netwareMaxThreadsListenListenBacklogMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsReceiveBufferSizeSendBufferSizeStartThreadsThreadStackSizeApache MPM 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mod_alias处理顺序AliasAliasMatchRedirectRedirectMatchRedirectPermanentRedirectTempScriptAliasScriptAliasMatchApache Module mod_asis用法Apache Module mod_auth_basicAuthBasicAuthoritativeAuthBasicProviderApache Module mod_auth_digest使用摘要认证配合 MS Internet Explorer 6 工作AuthDigestAlgorithmAuthDigestDomainAuthDigestNcCheckAuthDigestNonceFormatAuthDigestNonceLifetimeAuthDigestProviderAuthDigestQopAuthDigestShmemSizeApache Module mod_authn_alias示例<AuthnProviderAlias>Apache Module mod_authn_anon示例AnonymousAnonymous_LogEmailAnonymous_MustGiveEmailAnonymous_NoUserIDAnonymous_VerifyEmailApache Module mod_authn_dbd配置示例AuthDBDUserPWQueryAuthDBDUserRealmQueryApache Module mod_authn_dbmAuthDBMTypeAuthDBMUserFileApache Module mod_authn_defaultAuthDefaultAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authn_fileAuthUserFileApache Module mod_authnz_ldapContentsOperationThe require Directives举例Using TLSUsing SSLUsing Microsoft FrontPage with 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mod_disk_cacheCacheDirLengthCacheDirLevelsCacheMaxFileSizeCacheMinFileSizeCacheRootApache Module mod_dumpio启用dumpio支持DumpIOInputDumpIOOutputApache Module mod_echoProtocolEchoApache Module mod_envPassEnvSetEnvUnsetEnvApache Module mod_exampleCompiling the example moduleUsing the mod_example ModuleExampleApache Module mod_expires交替间隔语法ExpiresActiveExpiresByTypeExpiresDefaultApache Module mod_ext_filter举例ExtFilterDefineExtFilterOptionsApache Module mod_file_cacheUsing mod_file_cacheCacheFileMMapFileApache Module mod_filterSmart FilteringFilter DeclarationsConfiguring the ChainExamplesProtocol HandlingFilterChainFilterDeclareFilterProtocolFilterProviderFilterTraceApache Module mod_headers处理顺序前处理和后处理举例HeaderRequestHeaderApache Module mod_identIdentityCheckIdentityCheckTimeoutApache Module mod_imagemapNew FeaturesImagemap FileExample MapfileReferencing your mapfileImapBaseImapDefaultImapMenuApache Module mod_includeEnabling Server-Side IncludesPATH_INFO with Server Side IncludesBasic 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mod_mime带多扩展名的文件内容编码字符集和语言AddCharsetAddEncodingAddHandlerAddInputFilterAddLanguageAddOutputFilterAddTypeDefaultLanguageModMimeUsePathInfoMultiviewsMatchRemoveCharsetRemoveEncodingRemoveHandlerRemoveInputFilterRemoveLanguageRemoveOutputFilterRemoveTypeTypesConfigApache Module mod_mime_magic"Magic文件"的格式性能问题注意MimeMagicFileApache Module mod_negotiation类型表MultiViewsCacheNegotiatedDocsForceLanguagePriorityLanguagePriorityApache Module mod_nw_sslNWSSLTrustedCertsNWSSLUpgradeableSecureListenApache Module mod_proxy正向和反向代理简单示例控制对代理服务器的访问缓慢启动局域网代理协议调整请求体AllowCONNECTNoProxy<Proxy>ProxyBadHeaderProxyBlockProxyDomainProxyErrorOverrideProxyIOBufferSize<ProxyMatch>ProxyMaxForwardsProxyPassProxyPassReverseProxyPassReverseCookieDomainProxyPassReverseCookiePathProxyPreserveHostProxyReceiveBufferSizeProxyRemoteProxyRemoteMatchProxyRequestsProxyTimeoutProxyViaApache Module mod_proxy_ajpOverview of the protocolBasic Packet StructureRequest Packet StructureResponse Packet StructureApache Module mod_proxy_balancerLoad balancer scheduler algorithmRequest Counting AlgorithmWeighted Traffic Counting AlgorithmEnabling Balancer Manager SupportApache Module mod_proxy_connectApache Module mod_proxy_ftp为什么xxx类型的文件不能从FTP下载?如何强制文件xxx使用FTP的ASCII形式下载?我如何使用FTP上传?我如何能访问我自己home目录以外的FTP文件?我如何才能在浏览器的URL框中隐藏FTP的明文密码?Apache Module mod_proxy_httpApache Module mod_rewrite特殊字符的引用环境变量实用方案RewriteBaseRewriteCondRewriteEngineRewriteLockRewriteLogRewriteLogLevelRewriteMapRewriteOptionsRewriteRuleApache Module mod_setenvifBrowserMatchBrowserMatchNoCaseSetEnvIfSetEnvIfNoCaseApache Module mod_so为Windows创建可加载模块LoadFileLoadModuleApache Module mod_spelingCheckSpellingApache Module mod_ssl环境变量Custom Log FormatsSSLCACertificateFileSSLCACertificatePathSSLCADNRequestFileSSLCADNRequestPathSSLCARevocationFileSSLCARevocationPathSSLCertificateChainFileSSLCertificateFileSSLCertificateKeyFileSSLCipherSuiteSSLCryptoDeviceSSLEngineSSLHonorCipherOrderSSLMutexSSLOptionsSSLPassPhraseDialogSSLProtocolSSLProxyCACertificateFileSSLProxyCACertificatePathSSLProxyCARevocationFileSSLProxyCARevocationPathSSLProxyCipherSuiteSSLProxyEngineSSLProxyMachineCertificateFileSSLProxyMachineCertificatePathSSLProxyProtocolSSLProxyVerifySSLProxyVerifyDepthSSLRandomSeedSSLRequireSSLRequireSSLSSLSessionCacheSSLSessionCacheTimeoutSSLUserNameSSLVerifyClientSSLVerifyDepthApache Module mod_statusEnabling Status Support自动更新Machine Readable Status FileExtendedStatusApache Module mod_suexecSuexecUserGroupApache Module mod_unique_idTheoryApache Module mod_userdirUserDirApache Module mod_usertrackLogging2-digit or 4-digit dates for cookies?CookieDomainCookieExpiresCookieNameCookieStyleCookieTrackingApache Module mod_version<IfVersion>Apache Module mod_vhost_alias目录名称的转换示例VirtualDocumentRootVirtualDocumentRootIPVirtualScriptAliasVirtualScriptAliasIP开发者文档OverviewTopicsExternal ResourcesApache API notesBasic conceptsHow handlers workResource allocation and resource poolsConfigurationDebugging Memory Allocation in APRAvailable debugging optionsAllowable CombinationsActivating Debugging OptionsDocumenting Apache 2.0Apache 2.0 Hook FunctionsCreating a hook functionHooking the hookConverting Modules from Apache 1.3 to Apache 2.0The easier changes ...The messier changes...Request Processing in Apache 2.0The Request Processing CycleThe Request Parsing PhaseThe Security PhaseThe Preparation PhaseThe Handler PhaseHow Filters Work in Apache 2.0Filter TypesHow are filters inserted?AsisExplanations词汇和索引词汇表模块索引指令索引指令速查译者声明
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Apache模块 mod_proxy_balancer

说明 mod_proxy的扩展,提供负载平衡支持
状态 扩展(E)
模块名 proxy_balancer_module
源文件 proxy_balancer.c
兼容性 仅在 Apache 2.1 及以后的版本中可用

概述

This module requires the service of mod_proxy. It provides load balancing support for HTTP, FTPAJP13 protocols

Thus, in order to get the ability of load balancing, mod_proxymod_proxy_balancer have to be present in the server.

警告

在您没有对您的服务器采取安全措施之前,不要启用代理。开放的代理服务器对你自己的内部网络和大规模的Internet网都是有安全隐患的。

Load balancer scheduler algorithm

At present, there are 2 load balancer scheduler algorithms available for use: Request Counting and Weighted Traffic Counting. These are controlled via the lbmethod value of the Balancer definition. See the Proxy directive for more information.

Request Counting Algorithm

Enabled via lbmethod=byrequests, the idea behind this scheduler is that we distribute the requests among the various workers to ensure that each gets their configured share of the number of requests. It works as follows:

lbfactor is how much we expect this worker to work, or the workers's work quota. This is a normalized value representing their "share" of the amount of work to be done.

lbstatus is how urgent this worker has to work to fulfill its quota of work.

worker is a member of the load balancer, usually a remote host serving one of the supported protocols.

We distribute each worker's work quota to the worker, and then look which of them needs to work most urgently (biggest lbstatus). This worker is then selected for work, and its lbstatus reduced by the total work quota we distributed to all workers. Thus the sum of all lbstatus does not change(*) and we distribute the requests as desired.

If some workers are disabled, the others will still be scheduled correctly.

for each worker in workers
    worker lbstatus += worker lbfactor
    total factor    += worker lbfactor
    if worker lbstatus > candidate lbstatus
        candidate = worker

candidate lbstatus -= total factor

If a balancer is configured as follows:

worker a b c d
lbfactor 25 25 25 25
lbstatus 0 0 0 0

And b gets disabled, the following schedule is produced:

worker a b c d
lbstatus -50 0 25 25
lbstatus -25 0 -25 50
lbstatus 0 0 0 0
(repeat)

That is it schedules: a c d a c d a c d ... Please note that:

worker a b c d
lbfactor 25 25 25 25

Has the exact same behavior as:

worker a b c d
lbfactor 1 1 1 1

This is because all values of lbfactor are normalized with respect to the others. For:

worker a b c
lbfactor 1 4 1

worker b will, on average, get 4 times the requests that ac will.

The following asymmetric configuration works as one would expect:

worker a b
lbfactor 70 30
 
lbstatus -30 30
lbstatus 40 -40
lbstatus 10 -10
lbstatus -20 20
lbstatus -50 50
lbstatus 20 -20
lbstatus -10 10
lbstatus -40 40
lbstatus 30 -30
lbstatus 0 0
(repeat)

That is after 10 schedules, the schedule repeats and 7 a are selected with 3 b interspersed.

Weighted Traffic Counting Algorithm

Enabled via lbmethod=bytraffic, the idea behind this scheduler is very similar to the Request Counting method, with the following changes:

lbfactor is how much traffic, in bytes, we want this worker to handle. This is also a normalized value representing their "share" of the amount of work to be done, but instead of simply counting the number of requests, we take into account the amount of traffic this worker has seen.

If a balancer is configured as follows:

worker a b c
lbfactor 1 2 1

Then we mean that we want b to process twice the amount of bytes than ac should. It does not necessarily mean that b would handle twice as many requests, but it would process twice the I/O. Thus, the size of the request and response are applied to the weighting and selection algorithm.

Enabling Balancer Manager Support

This module requires the service of mod_status. Balancer manager enables dynamic update of balancer members. You can use balancer manager to change the balance factor or a particular member, or put it in the off line mode.

Thus, in order to get the ability of load balancer management, mod_statusmod_proxy_balancer have to be present in the server.

To enable load balancer management for browsers from the foo.com domain add this code to your httpd.conf configuration file

<Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager

Order Deny,Allow
Deny from all
Allow from .foo.com
</Location>

You can now access load balancer manager by using a Web browser to access the page http://your.server.name/balancer-manager

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