Apache2.2中文手册
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首页版本说明从1.3升级到2.0编译时配置的改变运行时配置的改变杂项变化第三方模块从 2.0 升级到 2.2编译时配置的改变运行时配置的改变杂项变化第三方模块Apache 2.1/2.2 版本的新特性核心增强模块增强程序增强针对模块开发者的变化Apache 2.0 版本的新特性核心的增强模块的增强Apache许可证参考手册编译与安装针对心急者的概述要求下载解压配置源代码树编译安装配置测试升级启动Apache是怎样启动的启动时发生错误随系统启动时启动额外信息停止与重新启动简介立即停止优雅重启立即重启优雅停止附录：信号和竞争条件运行时配置指令主配置文件配置文件的语法模块指令的作用域.htaccess文件配置段配置段(容器)的类型文件系统和网络空间虚拟主机代理允许使用哪些指令？配置段的合并内容缓冲简介缓冲概述安全方面的考虑文件句柄缓冲内存缓冲磁盘缓冲服务器全局配置服务器标识文件定位限制资源的使用日志文件安全警告错误日志访问日志日志滚动管道日志虚拟主机其他日志文件从URL到文件系统的映射相关模块和指令DocumentRootDocumentRoot以外的文件用户目录URL重定向反向代理重写引擎File Not Found安全方面的提示保持不断更新和升级ServerRoot目录的权限服务器端包含关于CGI未指定为脚本的CGI指定为脚本的CGI其他动态内容的来源系统设置的保护默认配置下服务器文件的保护观察日志文件动态共享对象(DSO)实现用法概要背景知识优点和缺点内容协商关于内容协商Apache中的内容协商协商的方法打乱品质值透明内容协商的扩展超链和名称转换说明缓冲说明更多信息自定义错误响应行为配置自定义错误响应与重定向地址和端口绑定概述针对IPv6的特殊考虑怎样与虚拟主机协同工作多路处理模块(MPM)简介选择一个MPM默认的MPM环境变量设置环境变量使用环境变量用于特殊目的的环境变量示例处理器的使用什么是处理器？例子程序员注意事项过滤器Apache2中的过滤器智能过虑使用过滤器CGI脚本的Suexec执行开始之前suEXEC的安全模型配置和安装suEXEC启用和禁用suEXEC使用suEXEC调试suEXEC谨防Jabberwock：警告和举例性能调整硬件和操作系统运行时的配置编译时的配置附录：踪迹的详细分析URL重写指南mod_rewrite简介实践方案URL的规划内容的处理对访问的限制其他虚拟主机文档总述虚拟主机支持配置指令基于主机名的虚拟主机基于域名的虚拟主机和基于IP的虚拟主机比较使用基于域名的虚拟主机与旧版浏览器的兼容性基于IP地址的虚拟主机系统需求如何配置Apache设置多个守护进程配置拥有多个虚拟主机的单一守护进程动态配置大量虚拟主机动机概述简单的动态虚拟主机一个实际的个人主页系统在同一个服务器上架设多个主机的虚拟系统更为有效的基于IP地址的虚拟主机使用老版本的Apache使用mod_rewrite实现简单的动态虚拟主机使用mod_rewrite的个人主页系统使用独立的虚拟主机配置文件虚拟主机的普通配置示例在一个IP地址上运行多个基于域名的web站点在多于一个IP的情况下使用基于域名的虚拟主机在不同的IP的地址(比如一个内部和一个外部地址)上提供相同的内容在不同的端口上运行不同的站点建立基于IP的虚拟主机混用基于端口和基于IP的虚拟主机混用基于域名和基于IP的虚拟主机将虚拟主机和代理模块一起使用使用默认虚拟主机将一个基于域名的虚拟主机移植为一个基于IP的虚拟主机使用ServerPath指令深入讨论虚拟主机的匹配解析配置文件虚拟主机匹配小技巧文件描述符限制关于DNS和Apache一个简单示例拒绝服务"主服务器"地址避免这些问题的小技巧附录：进一步的提示常见问题概述SSL/TLS 加密概述文档mod_ssl绪论密码技术证书安全套接字层(SSL)参考兼容性配置指令环境变量自定义日志功能如何...加密方案和强制性高等级安全客户认证和访问控制常见问题解答About The ModuleInstallationConfigurationCertificatesThe SSL Protocolmod_ssl Support如何.../指南概述认证相关模块和指令简介先决条件启用认证允许多人访问可能存在的问题其他认证方法更多信息CGI动态页面简介配置Apache以允许CGI编写CGI程序程序还是不能运行！幕后是怎样操作的?CGI模块/库更多信息服务器端包含简介什么是SSI?配置服务器以允许SSI基本SSI指令附加的例子我还能设置其它什么？执行命令高级SSI技术总结.htaccess文件.htaccess文件工作原理和使用方法(不)使用.htaccess文件的场合指令的生效认证举例服务器端包含(SSI)举例CGI举例疑难解答用户网站目录用户网站目录用UserDir设置文件路径限定哪些用户可以使用此功能启用对每个用户都有效的cgi目录允许用户改变配置对特定平台的说明概述Microsoft Windows其他平台在Microsoft Windows中使用Apache对操作系统的要求下载 Apache for Windows安装 Apache for Windows配置 Apache for Windows以服务方式运行 Apache for Windows作为控制台程序运行Apache测试安装编译Windows下的Apache系统要求命令行编译Developer Studio集成开发环境的工作区编译项目组件在Novell NetWare平台上使用ApacheRequirementsDownloading Apache for NetWareInstalling Apache for NetWareRunning Apache for NetWareConfiguring Apache for NetWareCompiling Apache for NetWare在HP-UX中运行ApacheThe Apache EBCDIC PortOverview of the Apache EBCDIC PortDesign GoalsTechnical SolutionPorting NotesDocument Storage NotesApache Modules' StatusThird Party Modules' Status服务器与支持程序概述httpd语法选项ab语法选项Bugsapachectl语法选项apxs语法选项举例configure语法选项环境变量dbmmanage语法选项Bugshtcacheclean语法选项返回值htdbm语法选项Bugs返回值举例安全方面的考虑限制htdigest语法选项htpasswd语法选项返回值举例安全方面的考虑限制logresolve语法选项rotatelogs语法选项Portabilitysuexec语法选项其他程序log_server_statussplit-logfile杂项文档概述相关标准HTTP推荐标准HTML推荐标准认证语言/国家代码Apache 模块描述模块的术语说明状态源代码文件模块标识符兼容性描述指令的术语说明语法默认值(Default)作用域(Context)覆盖项(Override)状态模块(Module)兼容性(Compatibility)Apache核心(Core)特性AcceptFilterAcceptPathInfoAccessFileNameAddDefaultCharsetAddOutputFilterByTypeAllowEncodedSlashesAllowOverrideAuthNameAuthTypeCGIMapExtensionContentDigestDefaultType<Directory><DirectoryMatch>DocumentRootEnableMMAPEnableSendfileErrorDocumentErrorLogFileETag<Files><FilesMatch>ForceTypeHostnameLookups<IfDefine><IfModule>IncludeKeepAliveKeepAliveTimeout<Limit><LimitExcept>LimitInternalRecursionLimitRequestBodyLimitRequestFieldsLimitRequestFieldSizeLimitRequestLineLimitXMLRequestBody<Location><LocationMatch>LogLevelMaxKeepAliveRequestsNameVirtualHostOptionsRequireRLimitCPURLimitMEMRLimitNPROCSatisfyScriptInterpreterSourceServerAdminServerAliasServerNameServerPathServerRootServerSignatureServerTokensSetHandlerSetInputFilterSetOutputFilterTimeOutTraceEnableUseCanonicalNameUseCanonicalPhysicalPort<VirtualHost>Apache MPM 公共指令AcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGracefulShutdownTimeoutGroupListenListenBackLogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersStartThreadsThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeUserApache MPM beosMaxRequestsPerThreadCoreDumpDirectoryGroupListenListenBacklogMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeStartThreadsUserApache MPM eventAcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGroupListenListenBacklogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeUserApache MPM netwareMaxThreadsListenListenBacklogMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsReceiveBufferSizeSendBufferSizeStartThreadsThreadStackSizeApache MPM os2GroupListenListenBacklogMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeSendBufferSizeStartServersUserApache MPM prefork工作方式MaxSpareServersMinSpareServersAcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGroupListenListenBacklogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersUserApache MPM winntWin32DisableAcceptExCoreDumpDirectoryListenListenBacklogMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeApache MPM worker工作方式AcceptMutexCoreDumpDirectoryEnableExceptionHookGroupListenListenBacklogLockFileMaxClientsMaxMemFreeMaxRequestsPerChildMaxSpareThreadsMinSpareThreadsPidFileReceiveBufferSizeScoreBoardFileSendBufferSizeServerLimitStartServersThreadLimitThreadsPerChildThreadStackSizeUserApache Module mod_actionsAction指令Script指令Apache Module mod_alias处理顺序AliasAliasMatchRedirectRedirectMatchRedirectPermanentRedirectTempScriptAliasScriptAliasMatchApache Module mod_asis用法Apache Module mod_auth_basicAuthBasicAuthoritativeAuthBasicProviderApache Module mod_auth_digest使用摘要认证配合 MS Internet Explorer 6 工作AuthDigestAlgorithmAuthDigestDomainAuthDigestNcCheckAuthDigestNonceFormatAuthDigestNonceLifetimeAuthDigestProviderAuthDigestQopAuthDigestShmemSizeApache Module mod_authn_alias示例<AuthnProviderAlias>Apache Module mod_authn_anon示例AnonymousAnonymous_LogEmailAnonymous_MustGiveEmailAnonymous_NoUserIDAnonymous_VerifyEmailApache Module mod_authn_dbd配置示例AuthDBDUserPWQueryAuthDBDUserRealmQueryApache Module mod_authn_dbmAuthDBMTypeAuthDBMUserFileApache Module mod_authn_defaultAuthDefaultAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authn_fileAuthUserFileApache Module mod_authnz_ldapContentsOperationThe require Directives举例Using TLSUsing SSLUsing Microsoft FrontPage with mod_authnz_ldapAuthLDAPBindDNAuthLDAPBindPasswordAuthLDAPCharsetConfigAuthLDAPCompareDNOnServerAuthLDAPDereferenceAliasesAuthLDAPGroupAttributeAuthLDAPGroupAttributeIsDNAuthLDAPRemoteUserIsDNAuthLDAPUrlAuthzLDAPAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authz_dbmAuthDBMGroupFileAuthzDBMAuthoritativeAuthzDBMTypeApache Module mod_authz_defaultAuthzDefaultAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authz_groupfileAuthGroupFileAuthzGroupFileAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authz_hostAllowDenyOrderApache Module mod_authz_owner配置示例AuthzOwnerAuthoritativeApache Module mod_authz_userAuthzUserAuthoritativeApache Module mod_autoindexAutoindex Request Query ArgumentsAddAltAddAltByEncodingAddAltByTypeAddDescriptionAddIconAddIconByEncodingAddIconByTypeDefaultIconHeaderNameIndexIgnoreIndexOptionsIndexOrderDefaultIndexStyleSheetReadmeNameApache Module mod_cacheRelated Modules and Directives配置示例CacheDefaultExpireCacheDisableCacheEnableCacheIgnoreCacheControlCacheIgnoreHeadersCacheIgnoreNoLastModCacheLastModifiedFactorCacheMaxExpireCacheStoreNoStoreCacheStorePrivateApache Module mod_cern_metaMetaDirMetaFilesMetaSuffixApache Module mod_cgiCGI 环境变量CGI 脚本的调试ScriptLogScriptLogBufferScriptLogLengthApache Module mod_cgidScriptSockScriptLogScriptLogBufferScriptLogLengthApache Module mod_charset_liteCommon ProblemsCharsetDefaultCharsetOptionsCharsetSourceEncApache Module mod_davEnabling WebDAVSecurity IssuesComplex ConfigurationsDavDavDepthInfinityDavMinTimeoutApache Module mod_dav_fsDavLockDBApache Module mod_dav_lockDavGenericLockDBApache Module mod_dbdConnection PoolingApache DBD APISQL Prepared StatementsDBDExptimeDBDKeepDBDMaxDBDMinDBDParamsDBDPersistDBDPrepareSQLDBDriverApache Module mod_deflate配置举例启用压缩代理服务器DeflateBufferSizeDeflateCompressionLevelDeflateFilterNoteDeflateMemLevelDeflateWindowSizeApache Module mod_dirDirectoryIndexDirectorySlashApache Module mod_disk_cacheCacheDirLengthCacheDirLevelsCacheMaxFileSizeCacheMinFileSizeCacheRootApache Module mod_dumpio启用dumpio支持DumpIOInputDumpIOOutputApache Module mod_echoProtocolEchoApache Module mod_envPassEnvSetEnvUnsetEnvApache Module mod_exampleCompiling the example moduleUsing the mod_example ModuleExampleApache Module mod_expires交替间隔语法ExpiresActiveExpiresByTypeExpiresDefaultApache Module mod_ext_filter举例ExtFilterDefineExtFilterOptionsApache Module mod_file_cacheUsing mod_file_cacheCacheFileMMapFileApache Module mod_filterSmart FilteringFilter DeclarationsConfiguring the ChainExamplesProtocol HandlingFilterChainFilterDeclareFilterProtocolFilterProviderFilterTraceApache Module mod_headers处理顺序前处理和后处理举例HeaderRequestHeaderApache Module mod_identIdentityCheckIdentityCheckTimeoutApache Module mod_imagemapNew FeaturesImagemap FileExample MapfileReferencing your mapfileImapBaseImapDefaultImapMenuApache Module mod_includeEnabling Server-Side IncludesPATH_INFO with Server Side IncludesBasic ElementsInclude VariablesVariable SubstitutionFlow Control ElementsSSIEndTagSSIErrorMsgSSIStartTagSSITimeFormatSSIUndefinedEchoXBitHackApache Module mod_info安全问题选择哪些信息可以被显示已知的局限AddModuleInfoApache Module mod_isapi用法附加注释程序员注记ISAPIAppendLogToErrorsISAPIAppendLogToQueryISAPICacheFileISAPIFakeAsyncISAPILogNotSupportedISAPIReadAheadBufferApache Module mod_ldap示例配置LDAP 连接池LDAP 缓冲使用SSL/TLSSSL/TLS 证书LDAPCacheEntriesLDAPCacheTTLLDAPConnectionTimeoutLDAPOpCacheEntriesLDAPOpCacheTTLLDAPSharedCacheFileLDAPSharedCacheSizeLDAPTrustedClientCertLDAPTrustedGlobalCertLDAPTrustedModeLDAPVerifyServerCertApache Module mod_log_config定制日志文件格式安全考虑BufferedLogsCookieLogCustomLogLogFormatTransferLogApache Module mod_log_forensic定制日志文件格式安全考虑ForensicLogApache Module mod_logio定制日志文件格式Apache Module mod_mem_cacheMCacheMaxObjectCountMCacheMaxObjectSizeMCacheMaxStreamingBufferMCacheMinObjectSizeMCacheRemovalAlgorithmMCacheSizeApache Module mod_mime带多扩展名的文件内容编码字符集和语言AddCharsetAddEncodingAddHandlerAddInputFilterAddLanguageAddOutputFilterAddTypeDefaultLanguageModMimeUsePathInfoMultiviewsMatchRemoveCharsetRemoveEncodingRemoveHandlerRemoveInputFilterRemoveLanguageRemoveOutputFilterRemoveTypeTypesConfigApache Module mod_mime_magic"Magic文件"的格式性能问题注意MimeMagicFileApache Module mod_negotiation类型表MultiViewsCacheNegotiatedDocsForceLanguagePriorityLanguagePriorityApache Module mod_nw_sslNWSSLTrustedCertsNWSSLUpgradeableSecureListenApache Module mod_proxy正向和反向代理简单示例控制对代理服务器的访问缓慢启动局域网代理协议调整请求体AllowCONNECTNoProxy<Proxy>ProxyBadHeaderProxyBlockProxyDomainProxyErrorOverrideProxyIOBufferSize<ProxyMatch>ProxyMaxForwardsProxyPassProxyPassReverseProxyPassReverseCookieDomainProxyPassReverseCookiePathProxyPreserveHostProxyReceiveBufferSizeProxyRemoteProxyRemoteMatchProxyRequestsProxyTimeoutProxyViaApache Module mod_proxy_ajpOverview of the protocolBasic Packet StructureRequest Packet StructureResponse Packet StructureApache Module mod_proxy_balancerLoad balancer scheduler algorithmRequest Counting AlgorithmWeighted Traffic Counting AlgorithmEnabling Balancer Manager SupportApache Module mod_proxy_connectApache Module mod_proxy_ftp为什么xxx类型的文件不能从FTP下载？如何强制文件xxx使用FTP的ASCII形式下载？我如何使用FTP上传？我如何能访问我自己home目录以外的FTP文件？我如何才能在浏览器的URL框中隐藏FTP的明文密码？Apache Module mod_proxy_httpApache Module mod_rewrite特殊字符的引用环境变量实用方案RewriteBaseRewriteCondRewriteEngineRewriteLockRewriteLogRewriteLogLevelRewriteMapRewriteOptionsRewriteRuleApache Module mod_setenvifBrowserMatchBrowserMatchNoCaseSetEnvIfSetEnvIfNoCaseApache Module mod_so为Windows创建可加载模块LoadFileLoadModuleApache Module mod_spelingCheckSpellingApache Module mod_ssl环境变量Custom Log FormatsSSLCACertificateFileSSLCACertificatePathSSLCADNRequestFileSSLCADNRequestPathSSLCARevocationFileSSLCARevocationPathSSLCertificateChainFileSSLCertificateFileSSLCertificateKeyFileSSLCipherSuiteSSLCryptoDeviceSSLEngineSSLHonorCipherOrderSSLMutexSSLOptionsSSLPassPhraseDialogSSLProtocolSSLProxyCACertificateFileSSLProxyCACertificatePathSSLProxyCARevocationFileSSLProxyCARevocationPathSSLProxyCipherSuiteSSLProxyEngineSSLProxyMachineCertificateFileSSLProxyMachineCertificatePathSSLProxyProtocolSSLProxyVerifySSLProxyVerifyDepthSSLRandomSeedSSLRequireSSLRequireSSLSSLSessionCacheSSLSessionCacheTimeoutSSLUserNameSSLVerifyClientSSLVerifyDepthApache Module mod_statusEnabling Status Support自动更新Machine Readable Status FileExtendedStatusApache Module mod_suexecSuexecUserGroupApache Module mod_unique_idTheoryApache Module mod_userdirUserDirApache Module mod_usertrackLogging2-digit or 4-digit dates for cookies?CookieDomainCookieExpiresCookieNameCookieStyleCookieTrackingApache Module mod_version<IfVersion>Apache Module mod_vhost_alias目录名称的转换示例VirtualDocumentRootVirtualDocumentRootIPVirtualScriptAliasVirtualScriptAliasIP开发者文档OverviewTopicsExternal ResourcesApache API notesBasic conceptsHow handlers workResource allocation and resource poolsConfigurationDebugging Memory Allocation in APRAvailable debugging optionsAllowable CombinationsActivating Debugging OptionsDocumenting Apache 2.0Apache 2.0 Hook FunctionsCreating a hook functionHooking the hookConverting Modules from Apache 1.3 to Apache 2.0The easier changes ...The messier changes...Request Processing in Apache 2.0The Request Processing CycleThe Request Parsing PhaseThe Security PhaseThe Preparation PhaseThe Handler PhaseHow Filters Work in Apache 2.0Filter TypesHow are filters inserted?AsisExplanations词汇和索引词汇表模块索引指令索引指令速查译者声明

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与Apache相关的标准

本页列出了所有Apache遵守的相关标准，并伴有简要描述。

除了下面列出的参考信息，下列资源也值得看看：

  • http://purl.org/NET/http-errata - HTTP/1.1 勘误表
  • http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata.html - RFC 勘误表
  • http://ftp.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/#RFC - 一个与HTTP相关的RFC列表

注意

本文档尚未全部完成

HTTP 推荐标准

不管使用了什么模块，Apache作为一个基本的web服务器都遵守以下IETF推荐标准：

RFC 1945 (Informational)
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. This documents HTTP/1.0.
RFC 2616 (Standards Track)
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. This documents HTTP/1.1.
RFC 2396 (Standards Track)
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource.

HTML 推荐标准

对于超文本标记语言(HTML)，Apache遵守以下IETF和W3C推荐标准：

RFC 2854 (Informational)
This document summarizes the history of HTML development, and defines the "text/html" MIME type by pointing to the relevant W3C recommendations.
HTML 4.01 Specification (Errata)
This specification defines the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the publishing language of the World Wide Web. This specification defines HTML 4.01, which is a subversion of HTML 4.
HTML 3.2 Reference Specification
The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used to create hypertext documents that are portable from one platform to another. HTML documents are SGML documents.
XHTML 1.1 - Module-based XHTML (Errata)
This Recommendation defines a new XHTML document type that is based upon the module framework and modules defined in Modularization of XHTML.
XHTML 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition) (Errata)
This specification defines the Second Edition of XHTML 1.0, a reformulation of HTML 4 as an XML 1.0 application, and three DTDs corresponding to the ones defined by HTML 4.

认证

对于不同的认证方法，Apache遵守以下IETF推荐标准：

RFC 2617 (Draft standard)
"HTTP/1.0", includes the specification for a Basic Access Authentication scheme.

语言/国家代码

以下链接记录了ISO和其他语言/国家代码信息：

ISO 639-2
ISO 639 provides two sets of language codes, one as a two-letter code set (639-1) and another as a three-letter code set (this part of ISO 639) for the representation of names of languages.
ISO 3166-1
These pages document the country names (official short names in English) in alphabetical order as given in ISO 3166-1 and the corresponding ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 code elements.
BCP 47 (Best Current Practice), RFC 3066
This document describes a language tag for use in cases where it is desired to indicate the language used in an information object, how to register values for use in this language tag, and a construct for matching such language tags.
RFC 3282 (Standards Track)
This document defines a "Content-language:" header, for use in cases where one desires to indicate the language of something that has RFC 822-like headers, like MIME body parts or Web documents, and an "Accept-Language:" header for use in cases where one wishes to indicate one's preferences with regard to language.
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