nginx routing configuration cancel index.php

In web servers, we often encounter situations where specific files or directories cannot be found. At this time, we often use index.html or index.php as the default file by default to solve this problem. In Nginx, index.php is one of the default files.

However, sometimes we don’t want to display index.php in the URL. This has certain significance in beautifying the URL or improving website security. So, how to cancel index.php in Nginx?

1. Modify the Nginx configuration file

If you have installed Nginx and want to cancel index.php, we need to modify the Nginx configuration file. In the Ubuntu system, the path of the Nginx configuration file is "/etc/nginx/sites-available/default".

Find the "index" directive in the file, that is:

index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

We need to delete the "index.php" in it and change it to:

index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

Or you want Let index.php come to the back, then you can place it at the end:

index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html index.php

2. Configure Nginx virtual host

In Nginx, each website will have a virtual host . A virtual host can provide an independent environment for each different website so that different functions can be set for each website. Here we need to configure and cancel index.php for each virtual host.

1. Open the Nginx virtual host configuration file

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

2. Cancel the index.php in the virtual host

server {
  listen 80 default_server;
  listen [::]:80 default_server;

  root /var/www/html;

  # 列出默认文件
  index index.html index.htm;

  # 取消index.php，即移除它
  location / {
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }

  # 处理PHP脚本
  location ~ .php$ {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.4-fpm.sock;
  }

  # 处理网站资源
  location ~* .(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
    expires 30d;
    add_header Cache-Control "public, no-transform";
  }

  # 处理网站图标
  location /favicon.ico {
    access_log off;
    log_not_found off;
  }
}

In the above configuration file, we canceled the index .php and set other default files. At the same time, in the location block, we use the try_files directive to verify whether the URL exists. If it does not exist, a 404 error will be returned.

3. Modify nginx.conf appropriately

In Nginx, you can also cancel the display of index.php by modifying nginx.conf. We need to add a directive in the http block:

http {
    ...

    # 将index.php从默认文件列表中删除
    index  index.html index.htm;

    # 取消index.php
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    ...
}

In the above configuration, we verify whether the URL exists by removing index.php from the default file list and then pass the try_files directive in the location block, if not If it exists, use the "index.php" file.

4. Cancel index.php through .htaccess

If you are using Nginx as the web server and it does not support .htaccess files, then you can use a similar file: .user. ini. .user.ini is a htaccess file that only supports PHP. Through it, you can set PHP configuration information. Just store the following file as .user.ini:

; PHP settings:
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0
cgi.fix_pathinfo = false
cgi.fix_pathinfo = off

; nginx settings:
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;

; User-defined settings:
index index.php index.html index.htm

Among them, we verify whether the URL exists by trying the file instruction try_files. If it does not exist, use the "index.php" file. At the same time, we set other default files.

5. Summary

This article introduces four possible methods to cancel index.php in nginx. You can use one or more of these methods to achieve your own goals based on the needs of your own website. Whichever method you use, it's very simple and fast. You can provide a more user-friendly URL for your website to attract more visitors and improve your website's SEO effect.

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