Backend DevelopmentPHP ProblemPHP implements functions similar to the Construct library in Python (3) Implements the if-else function
Introduction
In the article "php implements functions similar to the Construct library in python (1) Basic design ideas" introduces the basic idea of using php to parse binary data
In the article "php implements functions similar to the Construct library in python (2) Implementing the adapter function" explains how to implement the adapter function.
The above two articles analyze static data structures. Next, we need to gradually implement the analysis of dynamic data structures. In other words, the definition of the data structure is context-related and can only be truly determined during data parsing.
Recommended related PHP video tutorials: https://www.php.cn/course/list/29/type/2.html
What will be implemented this time is the if-else function.
Basic idea
1. Modify the lexical analysis rules so that they can accept the if and else keywords
2. Modify the syntax analysis rules so that they can accept if, else statements
3. Modify the encoder to generate runnable PHP target code
The main work content is to modify the syntax analysis rule file.
Implementation content
Structure definition file to be parsed
struct student
{
char name[2];
int num;
if(num.value==1 ){
int age;
}else{
char addr[3];
}
};In order to focus on the implementation of the if-else function, only one structure student is defined this time. The biggest difference from the previous static structure definition is the following definition
if(num.value==1 ){
int age;
}else{
char addr[3];
}If the value of the num field is 1 during the parsing process, an age field is defined, otherwise an addr field is defined.
The lexical rule file has not changed much, just add the matching of if and else keywords
['/^if\b/','_if' ,'i'], ['/^else\b/','_else' ,'e'],
There are many places that need to be changed in the grammatical rule file
First, add a processing function when symbols are moved in. The processing functions introduced earlier are all called during reduction, but for more complex situations, it is necessary to also process them during shift.
Let’s first take a look at the basic operations of move processing in script_parser.php
//移进
private function shift($token){
//处理记号栈
$this->tokenStack= $this->tokenStack.$token[0];
if($this->debugMode){
echo I('srcline:'),$token[2],I(' shifted :'),$this->tokenStack,"\n";
}
//处理语法栈,栈中元素为［记号名，记号值，起始位置，结束位置，[附加信息]]
array_push($this->syntaxStack, [$token[0],$token[1],$this->tokenIndex-1,$this->tokenIndex-1,[]]);
//调用规则处理中的移进处理函数
$extra=$this->rulesHandler->handleShift($token[0],$this->syntaxStack,$this->coder);
//在栈中保存附加信息
$this->syntaxStack[count($this->syntaxStack)-1][TokenExtraIndex]=$extra;
}A call to a hook function is placed in it
//调用规则处理中的移进处理函数 $extra=$this->rulesHandler->handleShift($token[0],$this->syntaxStack,$this->coder);
An empty handleShift method is defined in the base class of grammar rule processing.
What we need to do is to overload the handleShift method in the grammar rule processing class.
//处理移进,返回附加信息数组
function handleShift($tokenName,$stack,$coder){
if($tokenName=='_if'){
//插入一个空行，空行所在的序号存入附加信息数组，以后可以替换为正确的内容
return [$coder->pushLine('')];
}
if($tokenName=='_else'){
//插入一个空行，空行所在的序号存入附加信息数组，以后可以替换为正确的内容
return [$coder->pushLine('')];
}
return [];
}As can be seen from the above code, during the compilation process, if an if or else shift operation occurs, a blank line is inserted into the target code to be generated, and the address of this blank line is Save it and replace the blank lines with the finalized content when reducing the if-else statement.
Why do you do that?
Because in the if statement, the if or else block statement completes the reduction first, and the entire if statement completes the reduction after that. The target code is generated while reducing, so a position must be occupied first for if or else.
The following is the syntax rule processing function of if-else
// if {{{
function _ifStatement_0_ifStatement_else_blockStatement($stack,$coder){
//取出_else 记号中保存的空白行所在的地址，替换为正确的内容
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$lineIndex=$t1[TokenExtraIndex][0];
$content='else{';
$coder->resetLine($lineIndex,$content);
$coder->pushLine('}');
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}
function _ifStatement_0_if_wholeExpression_blockStatement($stack,$coder){
//取出_if 记号中保存的空白行所在的地址，替换为正确的内容
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$lineIndex=$t1[TokenExtraIndex][0];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$condtionExp=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
$content='if'.$condtionExp.'{';
$coder->resetLine($lineIndex,$content);
$coder->pushLine('}');
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}
// if }}}Focus on the analysis of the processing of if statements. The processing function is as follows
function _ifStatement_0_if_wholeExpression_blockStatement($stack,$coder){
//取出_if 记号中保存的空白行所在的地址，替换为正确的内容
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$lineIndex=$t1[TokenExtraIndex][0];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$condtionExp=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
$content='if'.$condtionExp.'{';
$coder->resetLine($lineIndex,$content);
$coder->pushLine('}');
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}The following statements
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);The meaning of
is to take the element from the top of the current syntax stack. The second parameter 3 indicates that the third element is taken from the top of the stack. Counting starts from 1
_ifStatement_0_if_wholeExpression_blockStatement
The syntax rules contained in it are:
When _if appears on the top of the stack, _wholeExpression, _blockStatement The three symbols are, these three symbols can be reduced to _ifStatement_0 is a delimited string that separates the left and right parts of the grammar rules .
A design technique used in the ADOS scripting language is to use production (grammar rules) as the name of the function, and the grammar rules and grammar rule processing functions are combined into one.
The advantage of this is that there is no need to maintain grammar rules and grammar rule processing functions separately, and there is no need to keep the two synchronized at all times.
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
What is taken out is the corresponding content of the _if symbol in the syntax stack. As mentioned before, when the _if symbol is moved in, a blank line is inserted, and the address of this blank line is saved in the symbol plus information array. Take it out at this time.
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2); $condtionExp=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
Take out the corresponding conditional expression from the corresponding syntax stack element of _wholeExpression, form a complete content and replace the previous blank line.
Please note that the content of the if statement block has been written into the target code at this time.
Next, add the end mark ‘}’ of an if statement block and it’s OK.
Next, we implement the processing of the attribute operator. In the example, it is the processing of expressions in the form of
num.value
The syntax rule processing function is as follows
function _term_0_term_dot_iden($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$obj = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$var = $t2[TokenValueIndex];
$exp = '$'.$obj.'[\''.$var.'\']';
return [$exp,[]];
}From the example, the source code is num.value, and the final target code is $num['value']
That is, the C-like source code is turned into PHP code
Next, we have to implement the processing of the comparison operator ==:
function _wholeExpression_0_wholeExpression_bieq_expression($stack,$coder){
return $this->biOpertors($stack,3,'==',1,$coder);
}
//二元操作符的通用处理函数
function biOpertors($stack,$op1Index,$op,$op2Index,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,$op1Index);
$exp1=$t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,$op2Index);
$exp2=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
$s=$exp1.$op.$exp2;
return [$s,[]];
}The following is the content of the complete grammar rule processing file
0){
return intval($extraArray[0]);
}else{
return 0;
}
}
//二元操作符的通用处理函数
function biOpertors($stack,$op1Index,$op,$op2Index,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,$op1Index);
$exp1=$t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,$op2Index);
$exp2=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
$s=$exp1.$op.$exp2;
return [$s,[]];
}
//处理移进,返回附加信息数组
function handleShift($tokenName,$stack,$coder){
if($tokenName=='_if'){
//插入一个空行，空行所在的序号存入附加信息数组，以后可以替换为正确的内容
return [$coder->pushLine('')];
}
if($tokenName=='_else'){
//插入一个空行，空行所在的序号存入附加信息数组，以后可以替换为正确的内容
return [$coder->pushLine('')];
}
return [];
}
//语法规则处理函数名由规则右边部分与规则左边部分拼接而成
//语法规则定义的先后决定了归约时匹配的顺序，要根据实际的语法安排
//如果不熟悉语法，随意调整语法规则的先后次序将有可能导致语法错误
// struct list {{{
function _structList_0_structList_struct($stack,$coder){
$coder->pushBlockTail();
return ['#',[]];
}
function _structList_0_struct($stack,$coder){
$coder->pushBlockTail();
return ['#',[]];
}
// struct list }}}
// struct {{{
function _struct_0_structName_blockStatement_semi($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$structName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$extraArray=$t2[TokenExtraIndex];
return [$structName,$extraArray];
}
// struct }}}
// struct name {{{
function _structName_0_strukey_iden($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$structName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$coder->pushBlockHeader($structName);
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// struct name }}}
// blockStatement {{{
function _blockStatement_0_lcb_statementList_rcb($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
// blockStatement }}}
// statement list {{{
function _statementList_0_statementList_statement($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _statementList_0_statement($stack,$coder){
//此处0表示statementList是上一级节点，要做特殊处理
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// statement list }}}
// statement {{{
function _statement_0_wholeExpression_semi($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$elementName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$coder->pushCheckBody($elementName);
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
function _statement_0_ifStatement($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// statement }}}
// if {{{
function _ifStatement_0_ifStatement_else_blockStatement($stack,$coder){
//取出_else 记号中保存的空白行所在的地址，替换为正确的内容
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$lineIndex=$t1[TokenExtraIndex][0];
$content='else{';
$coder->resetLine($lineIndex,$content);
$coder->pushLine('}');
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}
function _ifStatement_0_if_wholeExpression_blockStatement($stack,$coder){
//取出_if 记号中保存的空白行所在的地址，替换为正确的内容
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$lineIndex=$t1[TokenExtraIndex][0];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$condtionExp=$t2[TokenValueIndex];
$content='if'.$condtionExp.'{';
$coder->resetLine($lineIndex,$content);
$coder->pushLine('}');
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}
// if }}}
// function expression {{{
//函数表达式
function _term_0_funcTerm($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$funcName=$t1[TokenValueIndex];
$paraArray=$t1[TokenExtraIndex];
$paras = implode(",", $paraArray);
$exp = $funcName.'('.$paras.')';
return [$exp,[]];
}
function _funcTerm_0_funcExpLp_rp($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
function _funcTerm_0_funcExpLeft_rp($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
function _funcExpLeft_0_funcExpLeft_comma_expression($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,1);
//函数的参数列表存放在附加信息中
$paraArray=$t1[TokenExtraIndex];
array_push($paraArray, $t2[TokenValueIndex]);
return [$t1[TokenValueIndex],$paraArray];
}
function _funcExpLeft_0_funcExpLp_expression($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,1);
//函数的参数列表存放在附加信息中
$paraArray=$t1[TokenExtraIndex];
array_push($paraArray, $t2[TokenValueIndex]);
return [$t1[TokenValueIndex],$paraArray];
}
function _funcExpLp_0_iden_lp($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
// function expression }}}
// whole Expression {{{
function _wholeExpression_0_wholeExpression_bieq_expression($stack,$coder){
return $this->biOpertors($stack,3,'==',1,$coder);
}
function _wholeExpression_0_expression($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// whole Expression }}}
// Expression {{{
//表达式可以进行管道运算
function _expression_0_expression_pipe_factor($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$handlerName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$elementName = $t2[TokenValueIndex];
$coder->pushPipeBody($handlerName,$elementName);
return $this->pass($stack,3);
}
function _expression_0_double_factor($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$elementName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$parseFuncName = 'parseDouble';
$coder->pushParseBody($parseFuncName,$elementName);
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _expression_0_float_factor($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$elementName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$parseFuncName = 'parseFloat';
$coder->pushParseBody($parseFuncName,$elementName);
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _expression_0_char_factor($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$elementName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$size = $this->elementSize($t1[TokenExtraIndex]);
$parseFuncName = 'parseFixStr';
$coder->pushParseBody($parseFuncName,$elementName,$size);
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _expression_0_int_factor($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$elementName = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$parseFuncName = 'parseInt';
$coder->pushParseBody($parseFuncName,$elementName,4);
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _expression_0_factor($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// Expression }}}
// factor {{{
function _factor_0_term($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// factor }}}
// term {{{
function _term_0_lp_wholeExpression_rp($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$s='('.$t1[TokenValueIndex].')';
return [$s,[]];
}
function _term_0_term_dot_iden($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,3);
$obj = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,1);
$var = $t2[TokenValueIndex];
$exp = '$'.$obj.'[\''.$var.'\']';
return [$exp,[]];
}
function _term_0_iden($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,1);
//未指定数据长度时将长度值设为0
$valLen = '0';
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,2);
return [$t1[TokenValueIndex],[$valLen]];
}
function _term_0_num($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
function _term_0_array($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,1);
}
// term }}}
// array {{{
function _array_0_arrayLb_num_rb($stack,$coder){
$t1= $this->topItem($stack,2);
$valLen = $t1[TokenValueIndex];
$t2= $this->topItem($stack,3);
//将数据长度放入附加信息
return [$t2[TokenValueIndex],[$valLen]];
}
function _arrayLb_0_iden_lb($stack,$coder){
return $this->pass($stack,2);
}
// array }}}
}// end of classThe following is the content of the improved encoder
<?php
/*!
* structwkr编码器，
*
* 45022300@qq.com
* Version 0.9.0
*
* Copyright 2019, Zhu Hui
* Released under the MIT license
*/
namespace Ados;
require_once __SCRIPTCORE__.'coder/base_coder.php';
require_once __STRUCT_PARSE_TEMP__.'templateReplaceFuncs.php';
class StructwkrCoder extends BaseCoder{
public function __construct($engine)
{
if($engine){
$this->engine = $engine;
}else{
exit('the engine is not valid in StructwkrCoder construct.');
}
}
//编译得到的最终结果
public function codeLines(){
if(count($this->codeLines)<1){
return '';
}
$script='';
for ($i=0;$i< count($this->codeLines);$i+=1) {
$script.=$this->codeLines[$i];
}
return $script;
}
//输出编译后的结果
public function printCodeLines(){
echo $this->codeLines();
}
//添加一个块解析函数头
public function pushLine($content){
array_push($this->codeLines, $content);
$lineIndex=$this->lineIndex;
$this->lineIndex+=1;
return $lineIndex;
}
//重置一行的内容
public function resetLine($lineIndex,$line){
$this->codeLines[$lineIndex]=$line;
}
//添加一个块解析函数头
public function pushBlockHeader($structName){
$structName=ucfirst($structName);
$content = makeBlockHeader($structName);
return $this->pushLine($content);
}
//添加一个块解析函数体
public function pushParseBody($parseFuncName,$filedName='',$filedSize=0){
$content = makeParseBody($parseFuncName,$filedName,$filedSize);
return $this->pushLine($content);
}
//添加一个管道处理
public function pushPipeBody($handler,$filedName=''){
$content = makePipeBody($handler,$filedName);
return $this->pushLine($content);
}
//添加一个检查结果值的body
public function pushCheckBody($filedName=''){
$content = makeCheckBody($filedName);
return $this->pushLine($content);
}
//添加一个块解析类的tail
public function pushBlockTail(){
$content = makeblockTail();
return $this->pushLine($content);
}
}实现结果
自动生成的测试文件如下
<?php
namespace Ados;
//加载常量定义文件
require_once 'const.php';
require_once __STRUCT_PARSE_TEMP__.'templateBuidinFuncs.php';
require_once __STRUCT_PARSE_ADAPTER__.'int2str.adapter.php';
require_once __STRUCT_PARSE_ADAPTER__.'intoffset.adapter.php';
$context['pos']=0;
$context['data']="\x41\x43\x01\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x41\x42\x43\x41\x42\x01\x00\x00\x00\x41\x42\x43";
$expRes = Student::parse($context);
$context['pos']+=$expRes['size'];
print_r($expRes);
/*
$expRes = Teacher::parse($context);
$context['pos']+=$expRes['size'];
print_r($expRes);
*/
class Student{
static function parse($context,$size=0){
$valueArray=[];
$totalSize = 0;
$name = parseFixStr($context,2);
if($name['error']==0){
$filed = 'name';
if($filed){
$valueArray[$filed]=$name['value'];
}else{
$valueArray[]=$name['value'];
}
$context['pos']+=$name['size'];
$totalSize+= $name['size'];
}else{
return ['value'=>False,'size'=>0,'error'=>$name['error'],'msg'=>$name['msg']];
}
$num = parseInt($context,4);
if($num['error']==0){
$filed = 'num';
if($filed){
$valueArray[$filed]=$num['value'];
}else{
$valueArray[]=$num['value'];
}
$context['pos']+=$num['size'];
$totalSize+= $num['size'];
}else{
return ['value'=>False,'size'=>0,'error'=>$num['error'],'msg'=>$num['msg']];
}
if($num['value']==1){
$age = parseInt($context,4);
if($age['error']==0){
$filed = 'age';
if($filed){
$valueArray[$filed]=$age['value'];
}else{
$valueArray[]=$age['value'];
}
$context['pos']+=$age['size'];
$totalSize+= $age['size'];
}else{
return ['value'=>False,'size'=>0,'error'=>$age['error'],'msg'=>$age['msg']];
}
}else{
$addr = parseFixStr($context,3);
if($addr['error']==0){
$filed = 'addr';
if($filed){
$valueArray[$filed]=$addr['value'];
}else{
$valueArray[]=$addr['value'];
}
$context['pos']+=$addr['size'];
$totalSize+= $addr['size'];
}else{
return ['value'=>False,'size'=>0,'error'=>$addr['error'],'msg'=>$addr['msg']];
}
}
return ['value'=>$valueArray,'size'=>$totalSize,'error'=>0,'msg'=>'ok'];
}
} 运行测试文件的结果
Array
(
[value] => Array
(
[name] => AC
[num] => 1
[age] => 2
)
[size] => 10
[error] => 0
[msg] => ok
)对比测试数据
$context['data']="\x41\x43\x01\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x41\x42\x43\x41\x42\x01\x00\x00\x00\x41\x42\x43";
由于字段 num的值为1，所以接下来产生了一个age字段，而并没有产生addr字段。
结论：if-else功能已经实现并通过了验证。
更多相关问题请访问PHP中文网：https://www.php.cn/
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MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.
DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software
