> 上文我们学会了如何快速的进行一个PHP扩展的hello world!下面我们将学习如何传递参数###必要知识点1.变量存储结构(php 5.6 src/ZEND/zend.h)typedef union _zvalue_value { long lval; // long value double dval; // double value struct { char *val; int len; } str; HashTable *ht; // zend_object_value obj; zend_ast *ast;} zvalue_value;struct _zval_struct { // Variable information zvalue_value value; // value zend_uint refcount\__gc; zend_uchar type; // active type zend_uchar is_ref\__gc;};最终形成一个[这个就是PHP的变量]typedef struct _zval_struct zval;其实际值存储在 zval.value判断是否为引用 is_ref__gc判断引用的次数 refcount gc [PHP的写时复制特性]判断值的类型 type###源码分析我们打开zend_API.c可以看到很多关于变量的处理的函数。比如 ZEND_API int zend_get_parameters(int ht, int param_count, ...) ZEND_API int _zend_get_parameters_array(int ht, int param_count, zval **argument_array TSRMLS_DC)ZEND_API int zend_get_parameters_ex(int param_count, ...)ZEND_API int _zend_get_parameters_array_ex(int param_count, zval ***argument_array TSRMLS_DC)ZEND_API int zend_parse_parameters ......我们来参考一下原来的代码。打开文件 phpsrc/ext/standard/var.c我们看PHP是如何实现var_dump方法的``` 87 PHPAPI void php_var_dump(zval **struc, int level TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */ 88 { 89 HashTable *myht; 90 const char *class_name; 91 zend_uint class_name_len; 92 int (*php_element_dump_func)(zval** TSRMLS_DC, int, va_list, zend_hash_key*); 93 int is_temp; 94 95 if (level > 1) { 96 php_printf("%*c", level - 1, ' '); 97 } 98 99 switch (Z_TYPE_PP(struc)) { 100 case IS_BOOL: 101 php_printf("%sbool(%s)\n", COMMON, Z_LVAL_PP(struc) ? "true" : "false"); 102 break; ...... }173 line PHP_FUNCTION(var_dump) 173 { 174 zval ***args; 175 int argc; 176 int i; 177 178 if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "+", &args, &argc) == FAILURE) { 179 return; 180 } 181 182 for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) { 183 php_var_dump(args[i], 1 TSRMLS_CC); 184 } 185 efree(args); 186 }```可以发现 和上节说的一样首先定义 PHP_FUNCTION(函数名){实现}那我们发现没有参数怎么办?这里就要用到我们开始说的方法了 178行**zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "+", &args, &argc)**明显由其获得了参数 和 参数的个数然后调用了函数的实现体到此,PHP扩展开发怎么调用函数,思路就已经很明确了。###实践我们还是依照昨天的example,今天我们写一个A+B的方法首先,我们定义一个方法``` PHP_FUNCTION(example_add){ zval ***args; int argc; int i; if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "+", &args, &argc) == FAILURE) { return; } //添加要做的操作 efree(args); }```我们加入我们要实现的A+B功能printf("%d\n",args[0]+args[1]);同样,我们添加到functions```static const zend_function_entry t2_functions[] = { //在这加入方法的定义 PHP_FE(example_add,arg_info) {NULL, NULL, NULL}}```重新编译安装,我们就可以运行```<?php example_add(3,5); ?> ```输出8

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

PHP is not dying, but constantly adapting and evolving. 1) PHP has undergone multiple version iterations since 1994 to adapt to new technology trends. 2) It is currently widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and other fields. 3) PHP8 introduces JIT compiler and other functions to improve performance and modernization. 4) Use OPcache and follow PSR-12 standards to optimize performance and code quality.

The future of PHP will be achieved by adapting to new technology trends and introducing innovative features: 1) Adapting to cloud computing, containerization and microservice architectures, supporting Docker and Kubernetes; 2) introducing JIT compilers and enumeration types to improve performance and data processing efficiency; 3) Continuously optimize performance and promote best practices.

In PHP, trait is suitable for situations where method reuse is required but not suitable for inheritance. 1) Trait allows multiplexing methods in classes to avoid multiple inheritance complexity. 2) When using trait, you need to pay attention to method conflicts, which can be resolved through the alternative and as keywords. 3) Overuse of trait should be avoided and its single responsibility should be maintained to optimize performance and improve code maintainability.

Dependency Injection Container (DIC) is a tool that manages and provides object dependencies for use in PHP projects. The main benefits of DIC include: 1. Decoupling, making components independent, and the code is easy to maintain and test; 2. Flexibility, easy to replace or modify dependencies; 3. Testability, convenient for injecting mock objects for unit testing.

SplFixedArray is a fixed-size array in PHP, suitable for scenarios where high performance and low memory usage are required. 1) It needs to specify the size when creating to avoid the overhead caused by dynamic adjustment. 2) Based on C language array, directly operates memory and fast access speed. 3) Suitable for large-scale data processing and memory-sensitive environments, but it needs to be used with caution because its size is fixed.

PHP handles file uploads through the $\_FILES variable. The methods to ensure security include: 1. Check upload errors, 2. Verify file type and size, 3. Prevent file overwriting, 4. Move files to a permanent storage location.

In JavaScript, you can use NullCoalescingOperator(??) and NullCoalescingAssignmentOperator(??=). 1.??Returns the first non-null or non-undefined operand. 2.??= Assign the variable to the value of the right operand, but only if the variable is null or undefined. These operators simplify code logic, improve readability and performance.


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