PHP高效获取树结构信息
在开发中,经常有一些简单的树形结构的存储,比如产品的多级分类,多级导航栏菜单等,这些物体有一个特性,就是通常会获取整棵树结构。在数据库里保存树结构的方法主要有三种,最简单的一就是通过一个father_id指向当前结构的父节点。对于这样的小结构,一般我们使用最简单的方式存储。
当要获取整棵树结构,网上一般用递归法,这种方式代码简单易懂,但是缺点是需要执行多次数据库查询,而且后面几次获取的元素数量很少甚至为0,效率很差。
其实,遇到这种情况,可以将所有的元素全部从数据库获取出来,然后再根据获取的元素father_id构建树结构,这样就可以解决执行多次数据库查询的性能损耗。下面就以我在实际项目中获取多级导航栏菜单中的函数进抛砖引玉了
/* 通过数据库获取所有元素,通过下面函数构造树形结构 */ private function getTree($menus) { $id = $level = 0; $menuobjs=array(); $tree = array(); $notrootmenu=array(); foreach($menus as $menu){ $menuobj=new stdClass(); $menuobj->menu=$menu; $id = $menu['id']; $level = $menu['father_id']; $menuobj->nodes = array(); $menuobjs[$id]=$menuobj; if ($level) { $notrootmenu[]=$menuobj; } else { $tree[] = $menuobj; } } foreach($notrootmenu as $menuobj){ $menu=$menuobj->menu; $id = $menu['id']; $level = $menu['father_id']; $menuobjs[$level]->nodes[]=$menuobj; } return $tree; } }
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