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strftime

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7)

strftime — 根据区域设置格式化本地时间／日期

说明

string strftime ( string $format [, int $timestamp = time() ] )

返回用给定的格式字串对给出的 timestamp 进行格式输出后的字符串。如果没有给出时间戳则用当前的本地时间。月份和星期几以及其它和语言有关的字符串写法和用 setlocale() 设定的当前的区域有关。

可能不是所有的转换标记都被 C 库文件支持，这种情况下 PHP 的 strftime() 也不支持。此外，不是所有的平台都支持负的时间戳，因此日期的范围可能限定在不早于 Unix 纪元。这意味着例如 %e, %T，%R 和 %D（可能更多）以及早于 Jan 1, 1970 的时间在 Windows，一些 Linux 发行版本，以及其它几个操作系统中无效。对于 Windows 系统，所支持的转换标记可在 » MSDN 网站找到。

参数

format

**`format` 里能够识别的格式字串有以下标记：**
`格式`	描述	返回值示例
日	---	---
%a	当前区域星期几的简写	Sun 到 Sat
%A	当前区域星期几的全称	Sunday 到 Saturday
%d	月份中的第几天，十进制数字（范围从 01 到 31）	01 到 31
%e	月份中的第几天，十进制数字，一位的数字前会加上一个空格（范围从 ' 1' 到 '31'）在 Windows 上尚未按描述实现。更多信息见下方。	1 到 31
%j	年份中的第几天，带前导零的三位十进制数（范围从 001 到 366）	001 到 366
%u	符合 ISO-8601 星期几的十进制数表达 [1,7]，1 表示星期一	1 (星期一) 到 7 (星期日)
%w	星期中的第几天，星期天为 0	0 (星期天) 到 6 (星期六)
周	---	---
%U	本年的第几周，从第一周的第一个星期天作为第一天开始	13 (for the 13th full week of the year)
%V	%V - 本年第几周的 ISO-8601:1988 格式，范围从 01 到 53，第 1 周是本年第一个至少还有 4 天的星期，星期一作为每周的第一天。（用 %G 或者 %g 作为指定时间戳相应周数的年份组成。）	01 到 53 (where 53 accounts for an overlapping week)
%W	本年的第几周数，从第一周的第一个星期一作为第一天开始	46 (for the 46th week of the year beginning with a Monday)
月	---	---
%b	当前区域月份的简写	Jan 到 Dec
%B	当前区域月份的全称	January 到 December
%h	当前区域月份的简写（%b 的别名）	Jan 到 Dec
%m	两位数的月份	01 (是一月份) 到 12 (是十二月份)
年	---	---
%C	两位数显示世纪（年份除以 100，截成整数）	19 是 20 世纪
%g	2 位数的年份，符合 ISO-8601:1988 星期数（参见 %V）。和 %V 的格式和值一样，只除了如果 ISO 星期数属于前一年或者后一年，则使用那一年。	比如：2009年1月6日那一周是 09。
%G	%g 的完整四位数版本	比如：2009年1月3日那一周是 2008.
%y	两位数显示年份	比如： 09 是 2009，79 是 1979
%Y	四位数显示年份	比如： 2038
时间	---	---
%H	以 24 小时格式显示两位小时数	00 到 23
%I	以 12 小时格式显示两位小时数	01 到 12
%l（'L' 的小写）	以 12 小时格式显示小时数，单个数字前含空格	1 到 12
%M	两位的分钟数	00 到 59
%p	指定时间的大写 “AM” 或 “PM”	比如： 00:31 是 AM ，22:23 是PM
%P	指定时间的小写 “am” 或 “pm”	比如：00:31 是 am ，22:23 是pm
%r	和 "%I:%M:%S %p" 一样	比如： 21:34:17 是 09:34:17 PM
%R	和 "%H:%M" 一样	比如： 12:35 AM 是 00:35，4:44 PM 是 16:44
%S	两位数字表示秒	00 到 59
%T	和 "%H:%M:%S" 一样	比如： 09:34:17 PM 是 21:34:17
%X	当前区域首选的时间表示法，不包括日期	例如： 03:59:16 或 15:59:16
%z	从 UTC 的时区偏移或简写（由操作系统决定）	比如：东部时间是 -0500 或 EST
%Z	%z 没有给出的 UTC 的时区偏移或简写（由操作系统决定）	比如： -0500 或 EST 是东部时间
时间和日期戳	---	---
%c	当前区域首选的日期时间表达	比如： 2009 年 2 月 5 日上午 12:45:10 是 Tue Feb 5 00:45:10 2009
%D	和 "%m/%d/%y" 一样	比如： 2009 年 2 月 5 日是 02/05/09
%F	Same as "%Y-%m-%d" (commonly used in database datestamps)	比如：2009 年 2 月 5 日是 2009-02-05
%s	Unix纪元的时间戳（和 time() 函数一样）	比如： 1979 年 9 月 10 日上午 8 点 40 分 00 秒是 305815200
%x	当前区域首选的时间表示法，不包括时间	比如： 2009 年 2 月 5 日是 02/05/09
其他	---	---
%n	换行符("\n")	---
%t	Tab 字符("\t")	---
%%	文字上的百分字符("%")	---

这个参数的最大长度是 1023 个字符。

Warning

尽管 ISO 9889:1999（当前的 C 标准）明确指出一周从星期一开始，但是 Sun Solaris 的一周似乎从星期天开始并作为 1。所以 %u 的结果也许不会和手册里描述得一样。

Warning

仅针对 Windows：这个函数里 %e 修饰符修饰符还不能支持 Windows。为了得到这个值可以用 %#d 修饰符来代替。下例说明了如何写一个跨平台支持的函数。

Warning

仅针对 Mac OS X：这个函数里 %P 修饰符还不能支持 Mac OS X。

timestamp

可选的 timestamp 参数是一个 integer 的 Unix 时间戳，如未指定，参数值默认为当前本地时间。也就是说，其值默认为 time() 的返回值。

返回值

根据指定的 timestamp 或未给出 timestamp 是使用当前本地时间，返回 format 格式化的字符。月份、星期名和其他与语言相关的字符串遵守 setlocale() 设置的当前区域设置。

错误／异常

在每次调用日期/时间函数时，如果时区无效则会引发 E_NOTICE 错误，如果使用系统设定值或 TZ 环境变量，则会引发 E_STRICT 或 E_WARNING 消息。参见 date_default_timezone_set() 。

由于输出依赖于 C 库，所以一些转换标记并不被支持。在 Windows 上，使用未知的转换标记将导致 5 E_WARNING 信息，并返回 FALSE 。在其他的操作系统上，你可能不能得到任何 E_WARNING 信息，并且可能输出未经转换的转换标记。

更新日志

版本	说明
5.1.0	现在发布 `E_STRICT` 和 `E_NOTICE` 时区错误。

范例

如果你的系统里安装了各自的语言环境则下例能够正常运行。

Example #1 strftime() 区域的例子

  <?php
setlocale ( LC_TIME ,  "C" );
echo  strftime ( "%A" );
 setlocale ( LC_TIME ,  "fi_FI" );
echo  strftime ( " in Finnish is %A," );
 setlocale ( LC_TIME ,  "fr_FR" );
echo  strftime ( " in French %A and" );
 setlocale ( LC_TIME ,  "de_DE" );
echo  strftime ( " in German %A.\n" );
 ?>

Example #2 ISO 8601:1988 week number example

  <?php
 

// 输出： 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
 echo  "12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" ,  strtotime ( "12/28/2002" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2002
 echo  "12/30/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" ,  strtotime ( "12/30/2002" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2003,2003
 echo  "1/3/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "1/3/2003" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = 2,2003,2003
 echo  "1/10/2003 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "1/10/2003" )) .  "\n" ;



 

// 输出： 12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2004,2004
 echo  "12/23/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "12/23/2004" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2004
 echo  "12/31/2004 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "12/31/2004" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 53,2004,2005
 echo  "1/2/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "1/2/2005" )) .  "\n" ;

 // 输出： 1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = 1,2005,2005
 echo  "1/3/2005 - %V,%G,%Y = "  .  strftime ( "%V,%G,%Y" , strtotime ( "1/3/2005" )) .  "\n" ;

 ?>

Example #3 %e 修改器跨平台兼容的例子

  <?php

 // Jan 1: results in: '%e%1%' (%%, e, %%, %e, %%)
 $format  =  '%%e%%%e%%' ;

 // Check for Windows to find and replace the %e 
// modifier correctly
 if ( strtoupper ( substr ( PHP_OS ,  0 ,  3 )) ==  'WIN' ) {
     $format  =  preg_replace ( '#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#' ,  '</refsect1>%#d' ,  $format );
}

echo  strftime ( $format );
 ?>

Example #4 显示所有已知和未知的格式

  <?php
 // Describe the formats.
 $strftimeFormats  = array(
     'A'  =>  'A full textual representation of the day' ,
     'B'  =>  'Full month name, based on the locale' ,
     'C'  =>  'Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer)' ,
     'D'  =>  'Same as "%m/%d/%y"' ,
     'E'  =>  '' ,
     'F'  =>  'Same as "%Y-%m-%d"' ,
     'G'  =>  'The full four-digit version of %g' ,
     'H'  =>  'Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format' ,
     'I'  =>  'Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format' ,
     'J'  =>  '' ,
     'K'  =>  '' ,
     'L'  =>  '' ,
     'M'  =>  'Two digit representation of the minute' ,
     'N'  =>  '' ,
     'O'  =>  '' ,
     'P'  =>  'lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time' ,
     'Q'  =>  '' ,
     'R'  =>  'Same as "%H:%M"' ,
     'S'  =>  'Two digit representation of the second' ,
     'T'  =>  'Same as "%H:%M:%S"' ,
     'U'  =>  'Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week' ,
     'V'  =>  'ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week' ,
     'W'  =>  'A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week' ,
     'X'  =>  'Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date' ,
     'Y'  =>  'Four digit representation for the year' ,
     'Z'  =>  'The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)' ,
     'a'  =>  'An abbreviated textual representation of the day' ,
     'b'  =>  'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale' ,
     'c'  =>  'Preferred date and time stamp based on local' ,
     'd'  =>  'Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)' ,
     'e'  =>  'Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits' ,
     'f'  =>  '' ,
     'g'  =>  'Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)' ,
     'h'  =>  'Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b)' ,
     'i'  =>  '' ,
     'j'  =>  'Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros' ,
     'k'  =>  '' ,
     'l'  =>  'Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceeding single digits' ,
     'm'  =>  'Two digit representation of the month' ,
     'n'  =>  'A newline character ("\n")' ,
     'o'  =>  '' ,
     'p'  =>  'UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time' ,
     'q'  =>  '' ,
     'r'  =>  'Same as "%I:%M:%S %p"' ,
     's'  =>  'Unix Epoch Time timestamp' ,
     't'  =>  'A Tab character ("\t")' ,
     'u'  =>  'ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week' ,
     'v'  =>  '' ,
     'w'  =>  'Numeric representation of the day of the week' ,
     'x'  =>  'Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time' ,
     'y'  =>  'Two digit representation of the year' ,
     'z'  =>  'Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)' ,
     '%'  =>  'A literal percentage character ("%")' ,
);

 // Results.
 $strftimeValues  = array();

 // Evaluate the formats whilst suppressing any errors.
 foreach( $strftimeFormats  as  $format  =>  $description ){
    if ( False  !== ( $value  = @ strftime ( "% { $format } " ))){
         $strftimeValues [ $format ] =  $value ;
    }
}

 // Find the longest value.
 $maxValueLength  =  2  +  max ( array_map ( 'strlen' ,  $strftimeValues ));

 // Report known formats.
 foreach( $strftimeValues  as  $format  =>  $value ){
    echo  "Known format   : ' { $format } ' = " ,  str_pad ( "' { $value } '" ,  $maxValueLength ),  " (  { $strftimeFormats [ $format ]}  )\n" ;
}

 // Report unknown formats.
 foreach( array_diff_key ( $strftimeFormats ,  $strftimeValues ) as  $format  =>  $description ){
    echo  "Unknown format : ' { $format } '   " ,  str_pad ( ' ' ,  $maxValueLength ), ( $description  ?  " (  { $description }  )"  :  '' ),  "\n" ;
}
 ?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

Known format   : 'A' = 'Friday'            ( A full textual representation of the day )
Known format   : 'B' = 'December'          ( Full month name, based on the locale )
Known format   : 'H' = '11'                ( Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format )
Known format   : 'I' = '11'                ( Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format )
Known format   : 'M' = '24'                ( Two digit representation of the minute )
Known format   : 'S' = '44'                ( Two digit representation of the second )
Known format   : 'U' = '48'                ( Week number of the given year, starting with the first Sunday as the first week )
Known format   : 'W' = '48'                ( A numeric representation of the week of the year, starting with the first Monday as the first week )
Known format   : 'X' = '11:24:44'          ( Preferred time representation based on locale, without the date )
Known format   : 'Y' = '2010'              ( Four digit representation for the year )
Known format   : 'Z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system) )
Known format   : 'a' = 'Fri'               ( An abbreviated textual representation of the day )
Known format   : 'b' = 'Dec'               ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale )
Known format   : 'c' = '12/03/10 11:24:44' ( Preferred date and time stamp based on local )
Known format   : 'd' = '03'                ( Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros) )
Known format   : 'j' = '337'               ( Day of the year, 3 digits with leading zeros )
Known format   : 'm' = '12'                ( Two digit representation of the month )
Known format   : 'p' = 'AM'                ( UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time )
Known format   : 'w' = '5'                 ( Numeric representation of the day of the week )
Known format   : 'x' = '12/03/10'          ( Preferred date representation based on locale, without the time )
Known format   : 'y' = '10'                ( Two digit representation of the year )
Known format   : 'z' = 'GMT Standard Time' ( Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system) )
Known format   : '%' = '%'                 ( A literal percentage character ("%") )
Unknown format : 'C'                       ( Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100, truncated to an integer) )
Unknown format : 'D'                       ( Same as "%m/%d/%y" )
Unknown format : 'E'
Unknown format : 'F'                       ( Same as "%Y-%m-%d" )
Unknown format : 'G'                       ( The full four-digit version of %g )
Unknown format : 'J'
Unknown format : 'K'
Unknown format : 'L'
Unknown format : 'N'
Unknown format : 'O'
Unknown format : 'P'                       ( lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time )
Unknown format : 'Q'
Unknown format : 'R'                       ( Same as "%H:%M" )
Unknown format : 'T'                       ( Same as "%H:%M:%S" )
Unknown format : 'V'                       ( ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year, starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays, with Monday being the start of the week )
Unknown format : 'e'                       ( Day of the month, with a space preceding single digits )
Unknown format : 'f'
Unknown format : 'g'                       ( Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V) )
Unknown format : 'h'                       ( Abbreviated month name, based on the locale (an alias of %b) )
Unknown format : 'i'
Unknown format : 'k'
Unknown format : 'l'                       ( Hour in 12-hour format, with a space preceeding single digits )
Unknown format : 'n'                       ( A newline character ("\n") )
Unknown format : 'o'
Unknown format : 'q'
Unknown format : 'r'                       ( Same as "%I:%M:%S %p" )
Unknown format : 's'                       ( Unix Epoch Time timestamp )
Unknown format : 't'                       ( A Tab character ("\t") )
Unknown format : 'u'                       ( ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week )
Unknown format : 'v'

注释

Note: %G 和 %V，如果数字编号系统未能充分理解，基于 ISO 8601:1988 的星期数可能得出未预期的结果。见上面的 %V 和以下的例子。

参见

» 在线 strftime() 格式设计工具
setlocale() - 设置地区信息
mktime() - 取得一个日期的 Unix 时间戳
strptime() - 解析由 strftime 生成的日期／时间
gmstrftime() - 根据区域设置格式化 GMT/UTC 时间／日期
» Open Group specification of strftime()

用户评论:

[#1] lichihwu at gmail dot com [2015-01-22 04:09:29]

strftime() will get local time using timezone setting from date_default_timezone_set, then send format and converted tm structure to strftime() system call.

So it will output time stamp string ("%s" format string) with timezone converted tm structure, and it will be wrong unless you set the same time zone with your machine.

[#2] denis at ibresource dot ru [2014-08-26 18:01:58]

%p and %P replaced to '' in ru and other locales so 20:10 in %I:%M %p will be 08:10 in russian (without pm)

[#3] eric dot brison at anakeen dot com [2014-03-04 12:55:39]

strftime not format microsecond (decimal part of seconds).
This function add '%f' key in format to render microsecond (6 digits) also.

<?php function strftimeu($format, $microtime) { if (preg_match('/^[0-9]*\\.([0-9]+)$/', $microtime, $reg)) { $decimal = substr(str_pad($reg[1], 6, "0"), 0, 6); } else { $decimal = "000000"; } $format = preg_replace('/(%f)/', $decimal, $format); return strftime($format, $microtime); } ?>

Example :
<?php $now=microtime(true); printf("REF:%s\n",$now ); printf("FMT:%s\n", strftimeu('%H:%M:%S.%f', $now)); ?>

Results are :
REF:1393937303.6615
FMT:13:48:23.661500
FMT:13h 48min 23s 661500?s

Note : Here the decimal part of microtime is on 4 digits due to default precision

[#4] alexbrtn@gmail dot com [2014-02-14 19:16:06]

{--}, it is replaced on "today" or "yesterday"

[#5] Uwe at Familie-Loyal dot de [2013-04-20 07:02:40]

more fixed Problems while uing strftime in win32-systems.

        function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) {
                if (!$ts) $ts = time();

                $mapping = array(
                                '%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100),
                                '%D' => '%m/%d/%y',
                                '%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)),
                                '%h' => '%b',
                                '%n' => "\n",
                                '%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p",
                                '%R' => date("H:i", $ts),
                                '%t' => "\t",
                                '%T' => '%H:%M:%S',
                                '%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7
                );
                $format = str_replace(
                                array_keys($mapping),
                                array_values($mapping),
                                $format
                );

                if($format=='%V' or $format=='%G' or $format=='%g'){
                        // When strftime("%V") fails, some unoptimized workaround
                        //
                        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 : week 1 is "the week with the year's first Thursday in it (the formal ISO definition)"


                        $year = strftime("%Y", $ts);
                        $isoyear=$year;

                        $first_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year));
                        $last_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year));

                        $number = $isonumber = strftime("%W", $ts);

                        // According to strftime("%W"), 1st of january is in week 1 if and only if it is a monday
                        if ($first_day == 1) {
                                $isonumber--;
                        }

                        // 1st of january is between monday and thursday; starting (now) at 0 when it should be 1
                        if ($first_day >= 1 && $first_day <= 4){
                                $isonumber++;
                                $isoyear=$year;
                        }elseif ($number == 0){
                                $isonumber = mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year - 1);
                                $isoyear=$year;
                        }
                        if ($isonumber == 53 && ($last_day == 1 || $last_day == 2 || $last_day == 3)){
                                $isonumber = 1;
                                $isoyear=$year+1;
                        }
                        if ($format=='%V') {
                                return sprintf("%02d", $isonumber);
                        }elseif ($format=='%G'){
                                return sprintf("%04d", $isoyear);
                        }elseif ($format=='%g'){
                                return substr(sprintf("%04d", $isoyear),-2);
                        }


                }else{
                        return strftime($format, $ts);
                }
        }

[#6] Chris [2011-08-12 13:37:25]

Sometimes, you want Jan 1 to be week 1 and weeks to begin on Sunday. Here's a way to use strftime U format character to follow this convention:
<?php $month = 5; $year = 2012; echo "Week #'s in May 2012: "; $week_num_correction = strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,1,1,$year)) === '00' ? 1 : 0; $week_numbers = range(strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,$month,1,$year)) + $week_num_correction, strftime('%U', mktime(0,0,0,$month+1,0,$year)) + $week_num_correction); foreach($week_numbers as $week_number) echo "$week_number "; ?>
displays: Week #'s in May 2012: 18 19 20 21 22

[#7] fmaz008 at gmail dot com [2011-08-09 12:50:08]

The example of the workarround for the %e modifier is a bit complex. Sometime you might want to prefer a simple ltrim():

<?php ltrim(strftime('%d', $time), '0'); ?>

[#8] dgudgeon at example dot com [2011-07-14 05:04:28]

If moving from date() to strftime() to support additional languages, you may miss the ordinal suffix format option date('S'). Workaround this by adding an extra modifier (%O).

<?php function my_strftime ($format, $timestamp) { $format = str_replace('%O', date('S', $timestamp), $format); return strftime($format, $timestamp); } ?>

[#9] Bondas Timotei [2011-05-19 04:41:38]

If strange characters are returned use utf8_encode(strftime()) for UTF-8 characters

[#10] ciprianmp at yahoo dot com [2011-02-13 13:04:09]

This worked for me to distinguish between windows and linux, for stripping leading zeros from days/months in the short formats (like for Czech):
stristr(PHP_OS,"win") ? "%#d.%#m.%Y" : "%-d.%-m.%Y"

[#11] Anonymous [2010-10-12 12:04:52]

%V may fail with some systems (Windows XP, at least). Here is a function that should work to get the week number of a day (timestamped), according to ISO 8601.

"should work" as in "it is working with my understanding of this norm", where 1st of january can be week 52, 53 or 01. Hopefully.

testing (php_uname("s") == "Windows NT") or equivalent can be an option (when switching between Wampserver and a GNU server, for instance).

Please, erase and correct my message if there is any error.

<?php function week_isonumber ($time) { // When strftime("%V") fails, some unoptimized workaround // // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601 : week 1 is "the week with the year's first Thursday in it (the formal ISO definition)" $year = strftime("%Y", $time); $first_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, $year)); $last_day = strftime("%w", mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year)); $number = $isonumber = strftime("%W", $time); // According to strftime("%W"), 1st of january is in week 1 if and only if it is a monday if ($first_day == 1) $isonumber--; // 1st of january is between monday and thursday; starting (now) at 0 when it should be 1 if ($first_day >= 1 && $first_day <= 4) $isonumber++; else if ($number == 0) $isonumber = week_isonumber(mktime(0, 0, 0, 12, 31, $year - 1)); if ($isonumber == 53 && ($last_day == 1 || $last_day == 2 || $last_day == 3)) $isonumber = 1; return sprintf("%02d", $isonumber); } ?>

[#12] Lemmi [2010-06-09 05:57:56]

Why not use utf8_encode to fix problems with letters in ISO-8859-1 and charset set to UTF-8?

For example:
<?php setlocale(LC_TIME, "de_DE"); echo utf8_encode(strftime('%B')); // Output e.g.: M?rz ?>

[#13] baptiste dot place at utopiaweb dot fr [2010-02-26 04:54:53]

Created this small method to convert a date format to a strftime format. One format is enough to learn :)

<?php public static function dateFormatToStrftime($dateFormat) { $caracs = array( // Day - no strf eq : S 'd' => '%d', 'D' => '%a', 'j' => '%e', 'l' => '%A', 'N' => '%u', 'w' => '%w', 'z' => '%j', // Week - no date eq : %U, %W 'W' => '%V', // Month - no strf eq : n, t 'F' => '%B', 'm' => '%m', 'M' => '%b', // Year - no strf eq : L; no date eq : %C, %g 'o' => '%G', 'Y' => '%Y', 'y' => '%y', // Time - no strf eq : B, G, u; no date eq : %r, %R, %T, %X 'a' => '%P', 'A' => '%p', 'g' => '%l', 'h' => '%I', 'H' => '%H', 'i' => '%M', 's' => '%S', // Timezone - no strf eq : e, I, P, Z 'O' => '%z', 'T' => '%Z', // Full Date / Time - no strf eq : c, r; no date eq : %c, %D, %F, %x 'U' => '%s' ); return strtr((string)$dateFormat, $caracs); } ?>

I use it with this condition on a date format :
if(preg_match("/(D|l|F|M)/", $format))

[#14] Chad [2009-11-11 05:50:08]

On the Linux server I'm using, strftime() also accepts a "-" option to request no padding:

<?php $ts = strtotime("4 Nov 2009"); echo strlen(strftime("%-e", $ts)), "\n"; // "1" (no padding) echo strlen(strftime("%e", $ts)), "\n"; // "2" (space padded) ?>

[#15] szilagyigabor at yahoo dot com [2009-11-02 11:43:51]

This is that worked with UTF-8 encoding on Linux server, with right accents:
<?php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'hu_HU.UTF8'); echo(strftime('%Y. %B %d. %A')); ?>

Output is:
2009. november 02. h??tf?

Also, this one can be used, if not utf-8 preferred:
<?php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2'); ?>

UTF-8 is not supported on windows platforms, so there the iconv workaround must be used:
<?php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'hun_hun'); echo(iconv('ISO-8859-2', 'UTF-8',strftime('%Y. %B %d. %A'))); ?>

The output is the same as before. Note that, the iconv first parameter is ISO-8859-2 not ISO-8859-1, because the locale is hungarian which uses 8859-2 codepage as default. It is needed for the right accents.

If you want use the same code for Windows and Linux platforms, the second one is the right option (the iconv trick), but the locale configuration must be different (Linux: hu_HU, windows: hun_hun), but in that case the UTF8 tag is not needed for the Linux config.

[#16] jjarsater at gmail dot com [2009-05-20 07:01:43]

<?php // Date string $timestamp = strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Y"); // From this string ($timestamp) can we print echo strftime("%a %d %b %H:%M:%S %Y", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; echo strftime("%a %d %b %H:%M", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; echo strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; echo strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; echo strftime("%Y-%m-%d", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; echo strftime("%a %d %b %Y", strtotime($timestamp))."<br/>"; ?>

[#17] Michael Z. [2009-05-18 15:12:44]

This is so simple it has to be found in one of all the comments on all those different time functions. But since I didn't find it, here it is: Use this to convert between different time formats:

<?PHP if (!function_exists('convertTime')) { function convertTime($dformat,$sformat,$ts) { extract(strptime($ts,$sformat)); return strftime($dformat,mktime( intval($tm_hour), intval($tm_min), intval($tm_sec), intval($tm_mon)+1, intval($tm_mday), intval($tm_year)+1900 )); } } echo convertTime('%Y-%m-%d','%d.%m.%Y','27.11.2009'); ?>

This should print "2009-27-11".

I did not put much effort in this code. The task also seems "too simple to be neccessary". But as I said, I didn't find anything to help me with this.

Cheers,

Michael Z

[#18] dapikk[at]gmail[dot]com [2009-03-16 02:21:33]

I had a need to subtrackt an older time from current time to get the time between.
Example: If one has worked from 2009-03-16 11:33:54 to 2009-03-16 12:01:54 then he has worked X hours,minutes and seconds. I tried to find that X. And so - one solution would be:
<?php $start_date = strtotime("2009-03-16 11:33:54"); //start date from database - date("Y-m-d H:i:s") made as UNIX timestamp $end_date = strtotime("2009-03-16 12:01:54"); //end date from database - date("Y-m-d H:i:s") made as UNIX timestamp $ajavahe = $end_date - $start_date; $time_between = gmstrftime('%Hh %Mm %Ss', $ajavahe); //gmstrftime() deals with different timezones correctly. (If in example you would be situated in Estonia and you would use strftime() you get wrong answer off by 2 hrs, because timezone is GMT+2 - with gmstrftime() comes right answer.) echo 'You have worked: '.$time_between; ?>
Hope that this one makes someones life easier :D

[#19] lamb dot dan at gmail dot com [2008-12-04 10:37:26]

<?php function calculateFiscalYearForDate($inputDate, $fyStart, $fyEnd){ $date = strtotime($inputDate); $inputyear = strftime('%Y',$date); $fystartdate = strtotime($fyStart.$inputyear); $fyenddate = strtotime($fyEnd.$inputyear); if($date < $fyenddate){ $fy = intval($inputyear); }else{ $fy = intval(intval($inputyear) + 1); } return $fy; } // my fiscal year starts on July,1 and ends on June 30, so... echo calculateFiscalYearForDate("5/15/08","7/1","6/30"); // returns 2008 echo calculateFiscalYearForDate("12/1/08","7/1","6/30"); // returns 2009 ?>

[#20] khaled dot ataia at gmail dot com [2008-11-05 06:24:29]

for Arabic

<?php setlocale(LC_ALL,'ar'); echo strftime('%A %d %B %Y'); ?>

[#21] eljaunis at gmail dot com [2008-10-22 15:33:50]

This is what worked in my case:

<?php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'es_ES').': '; echo iconv('ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A %d de %B de %Y', time())); ?>

it displays: mi??rcoles 22 de octubre de 2008

[#22] buana95 at yahoo dot com [2008-08-21 08:51:07]

For windows user:

If you unsuccessfully change date/time format to your locale country using xx_XX format, try using XXX format or ISO-639 country codes format.

See complete list for ISO-639 here: http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm

For example:

<?php setlocale(LC_ALL, 'IND'); echo strftime("Today in Indonesia is %A"); ?>

[#23] Josue R. [2008-03-08 19:36:05]

Here's a simple version for date formating i use between displaying in HTML and converting back to MYSQL format:

<?php function format_date($original='', $format="%m/%d/%Y") { $format = ($format=='date' ? "%m-%d-%Y" : $format); $format = ($format=='datetime' ? "%m-%d-%Y %H:%M:%S" : $format); $format = ($format=='mysql-date' ? "%Y-%m-%d" : $format); $format = ($format=='mysql-datetime' ? "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" : $format); return (!empty($original) ? strftime($format, strtotime($original)) : "" ); } ?>

example (in HTML or webapp):
[grab from database]...
$dbase_stored_date = "2007-03-15";
$display_html_date = format_date($dbase_stored_date);
... displays as "03/15/2007"

example (saving form via on POST/GET):
$update_date = format_date($_POST['display_html_date'], 'mysql-date');
// converts back to '2007-03-15'
.... [your mysql update here]

Don't forget to sanitize your POST/GET's =)

[#24] jerome dot place at free dot fr [2007-11-07 12:55:55]

Here is a function to convert dates before 1970, very useful if you are still using php 4 (it is supported in php5) :

<?php # convert a date to special format # $date is like 2000-01-01 00:00:00 # $format : refer to strftime function function convert_date($date,$format) { if($date=='0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR $date=='0000-00-00' OR $date=='' OR $date==NULL) { return ''; } else { $year=substr($date,0,4); if(phpversion() < 5.0 AND $year < 1970) { $new_date=substr_replace($date,'1980',0,4); # we replace the year by a year after 1970 $new_format=eregi_replace('%a|%A|%u','',$format); # we remove days information from the format because they would be wrong $new_date=strftime($new_format,strtotime($new_date)); # we convert the date $new_date=eregi_replace('1980',$year,$new_date); # we put back the real year return $new_date; } else { return strftime($format,strtotime($date)); } } } ?>

[#25] nielsvan den berge at hotmail dot com [2007-08-31 06:43:39]

A small function to get the first weekday of the month.
For example the first monday of the month, or the first friday, etc.

<?php function get_first_day($day_number=1, $month=false, $year=false) { $month = ($month === false) ? strftime("%m"): $month; $year = ($year === false) ? strftime("%Y"): $year; $first_day = 1 + ((7+$day_number - strftime("%w", mktime(0,0,0,$month, 1, $year)))%7); return mktime(0,0,0,$month, $first_day, $year); } // this will output the first wednesday of january 2007 (wed 03-01-2007) echo strftime("%a %d-%m-%Y", get_first_day(3, 1, 2007)); ?>

[#26] ma [2007-08-28 05:58:22]

note, that for some languages you MUST set LC_ALL instead of LC_TIME.

note that you further have to explicitly define your output-encoding (default is ISO-8859-1 [which makes problems for some languages])!

at least i expirienced this behaviour on a german WinXP-PHP4 environment:

<?php // does not work - gives question marks: setlocale(LC_TIME, 'RUS'); // ISO Alpha-3 is supported by xp echo strftime('%A', time()); ?>

<?php // DOES work: header('Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8'); // you could also use another charset here if iconv isn't installed on your system. echo setlocale(LC_ALL, 'RUS').': '; echo iconv('windows-1251', 'UTF-8', strftime('%A', time()))."\n"; ?>

[#27] th1nk3r at gmail dot DELETETHIS dot com [2007-01-20 09:35:51]

Function strftime() use the locales installed in your system (linux).

If you are like me and only leave in the system the locales you use normally (en_US and your own language locale, like es_ES), you'll only be able to use the locales installed. If your application is translated to other languages, you need these locales too.

The name of the locale in your system is important too. This can be a problem when you want to distribute the app.

If you have this locales in your system:
en_US/ISO-8859-1
en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES/ISO-8859-1
es_ES@euro/ISO-8859-15
es_ES.UTF-8/UTF-8
es_ES@euro/UTF-8

and use setlocale('es_ES'), the result will use the iso-8859-1 charset even if you have all your system, files and configuration options in UTF-8. To receive content in UTF-8, in this example, you need to use setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8') or setlocale('es_ES.UTF-8@UTF-8').

The definition of locales can change from one system to another, and so the charset from the results.

[#28] denis at spiralsolutions dot com [2006-11-02 00:07:09]

(in addition to Andy's post)
To get a RFC 2822 date (used in RSS) of the current local time :

echo strftime ("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z") ;

Note: option %z / %Z - work different on Windows platform, for example
output of this code line can be:
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 Jerusalem Standard Time (on Windows)
Thu, 02 Nov 2006 09:54:59 +0200 (on Linux)

[red. It is much smarter to use date(DATE_RSS); here]

[#29] Jon Keating [2006-01-17 17:49:24]

Under windows if you are using Japanese version, you must use the following code:

setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.20932") for EUC
setlocale(LC_ALL, "Japanese_Japan.932") for SJIS

I found the following page that helped me with this issue:
http://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=8329

[#30] jw at jwscripts dot com [2005-05-29 06:32:06]

The following function implements the conversion specifiers which are not supported on Win32 platforms:

(Note: the specifiers %V, %G and %g can be implemented using other functions described in this section)

<?php function strftime_win32($format, $ts = null) { if (!$ts) $ts = time(); $mapping = array( '%C' => sprintf("%02d", date("Y", $ts) / 100), '%D' => '%m/%d/%y', '%e' => sprintf("%' 2d", date("j", $ts)), '%h' => '%b', '%n' => "\n", '%r' => date("h:i:s", $ts) . " %p", '%R' => date("H:i", $ts), '%t' => "\t", '%T' => '%H:%M:%S', '%u' => ($w = date("w", $ts)) ? $w : 7 ); $format = str_replace( array_keys($mapping), array_values($mapping), $format ); return strftime($format, $ts); } ?>

[#31] neo at gothic-chat d0t de [2004-06-24 23:27:59]

To get a RFC 850 date (used in HTTP) of the current time:

gmstrftime ("%A %d-%b-%y %T %Z", time ());

This will get for example:
Friday 25-Jun-04 03:30:23 GMT

Please note that times in HTTP-headers _must_ be GMT, so use gmstrftime() instead of strftime().