dns_get_record

(PHP 5)

dns_get_record — 获取指定主机的DNS记录

说明

array dns_get_record ( string $hostname [, int $type = DNS_ANY [, array &$authns [, array &$addtl [, bool &$raw = false ]]]] )

获取指定主机（hostname）的DNS记录。

参数

hostname: 主机名（hostname）应该是一个DNS解析生效的域名，例如“www.example.com”。主机名也可以是通过对逆向解析域做DNS逆向域名解析而得到，但是在大多数情况下 gethostbyaddr() 更加适合做逆向域名解析。

Note:

每个DNS标准，邮件地址必须是user.host这样的格式（例如hostmaster.example.com而不是hostmaster@example.com），在使用 mail() 这个函数之前请检查这个值，有必要的话还需要修改。
type: 默认情况下， dns_get_record() 将会搜索所有与hostname相关的记录，可以通过设置type来限定查询。type的值可以是下面的其中的任何一个： DNS_A ， DNS_CNAME ， DNS_HINFO ， DNS_MX ， DNS_NS ， DNS_PTR ， DNS_SOA ， DNS_TXT ， DNS_AAAA ， DNS_SRV ， DNS_NAPTR ， DNS_A6 ， DNS_ALL 或者 DNS_ANY 。

Note:

由于dns在各个平台上表现有些不一样， DNS_ANY 不会总是返回所有的记录， DNS_ALL 虽然慢一些，但是会得到所有的记录，所以使用DNS_ALL更加可靠些。
authns: 以引用方式传递，如果写了该参数，那么将会得到该解析记录的DNS服务器（Authoritative Name Servers）的信息。
addtl: 以引用方式传递，如果填写了该参数，将会得到其他所有的DNS解析记录。
raw: 在原生模式下，在进行额外的查询的时候之前我们只执行请求的DNS类型，而不是循环查询所有的类型。

返回值

这个函数返回一个关联数组，如果失败则或者在失败时返回 FALSE 。每个关联数组都至少包含了以下的这些键。 at minimum the following keys:

**Basic DNS attributes**
Attribute	Meaning
host	The record in the DNS namespace to which the rest of the associated data refers.
class	dns_get_record() only returns Internet class records and as such this parameter will always return IN.
type	String containing the record type. Additional attributes will also be contained in the resulting array dependant on the value of type. See table below.
ttl	"Time To Live" remaining for this record. This will not equal the record's original ttl, but will rather equal the original ttl minus whatever length of time has passed since the authoritative name server was queried.

**Other keys in associative arrays dependant on 'type'**
Type	Extra Columns
A	ip: An IPv4 addresses in dotted decimal notation.
MX	pri: Priority of mail exchanger. Lower numbers indicate greater priority. target: FQDN of the mail exchanger. See also dns_get_mx() .
CNAME	target: FQDN of location in DNS namespace to which the record is aliased.
NS	target: FQDN of the name server which is authoritative for this hostname.
PTR	target: Location within the DNS namespace to which this record points.
TXT	txt: Arbitrary string data associated with this record.
HINFO	cpu: IANA number designating the CPU of the machine referenced by this record. os: IANA number designating the Operating System on the machine referenced by this record. See IANA's » Operating System Names for the meaning of these values.
SOA	mname: FQDN of the machine from which the resource records originated. rname: Email address of the administrative contain for this domain. serial: Serial # of this revision of the requested domain. refresh: Refresh interval (seconds) secondary name servers should use when updating remote copies of this domain. retry: Length of time (seconds) to wait after a failed refresh before making a second attempt. expire: Maximum length of time (seconds) a secondary DNS server should retain remote copies of the zone data without a successful refresh before discarding. minimum-ttl: Minimum length of time (seconds) a client can continue to use a DNS resolution before it should request a new resolution from the server. Can be overridden by individual resource records.
AAAA	ipv6: IPv6 address
A6(PHP >= 5.1.0)	masklen: Length (in bits) to inherit from the target specified by `chain`. ipv6: Address for this specific record to merge with `chain`. chain: Parent record to merge with `ipv6` data.
SRV	pri: (Priority) lowest priorities should be used first. weight: Ranking to weight which of commonly prioritized `targets` should be chosen at random. target and port: hostname and port where the requested service can be found. For additional information see: » RFC 2782
NAPTR	order and pref: Equivalent to `pri` and `weight` above. flags, services, regex, and replacement: Parameters as defined by » RFC 2915.

更新日志

版本	说明
5.4.0	增加了参数`raw`。
5.3.0	可以是在windows平台上使用这个函数了。
5.3.0	在此版本之前，如果给参数`authns`传入值，则必须同时传入`addtl`的值。

范例

Example #1 使用 dns_get_record() 函数

  <?php
$result  =  dns_get_record ( "php.net" );
 print_r ( $result );
 ?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 5
            [target] => pair2.php.net
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 6765
        )    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 64.246.30.37
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 8125
        ))

Example #2 使用 dns_get_record() 配合DNS_ANY的例子

由于我们经常会想获取一个邮件服务器的对应的IP地址的MX记录是否已经生效。在使用 dns_get_record() 函数之后，addtl能够返回一个相关的数组记录，authns参数则会返回授权服务器的列表信息。

  <?php
 
 $result  =  dns_get_record ( "php.net" ,  DNS_ANY ,  $authns ,  $addtl );
echo  "Result = " ;
 print_r ( $result );
echo  "Auth NS = " ;
 print_r ( $authns );
echo  "Additional = " ;
 print_r ( $addtl );
 ?>

以上例程的输出类似于：

注释

Note:

For compatibility with versions before PHP 5.3.0 on some operating systems, try the » PEAR class » Net_DNS.

参见

dns_get_mx() - 别名 getmxrr
dns_check_record() - 别名 checkdnsrr

用户评论:

[#1] tobias at herkula dot info [2015-03-24 10:10:56]

This method has no error handling, it simply puts out "false" and it is impossible to check for NXDOMAIN, SERVFAIL, TIMEOUT or any other error...

[#2] PHP Joe [2013-08-13 23:30:27]

Although this works very well for general DNS queries if you want to do a direct DNS query to a specified DNS server (rather than using OS resolution) try PHPDNS: http://www.purplepixie.org/phpdns/

You can do direct (TCP or UDP) low-level queries to a nameserver and recurse at will. Very useful for testing specific servers and also for walking through a recursive resolution.

[#3] karl at influ dot io [2013-04-26 01:38:44]

There's a comment below from 7 years ago regarding BSD and MacOSX, I'd just like to follow up incase some people see that and don't think it'll work on MacOSX.

Software:

    System Software Overview:

      System Version: OS X 10.8.3 (12D78)
      Kernel Version: Darwin 12.3.0
      Boot Volume: Macintosh HD
      Boot Mode: Normal
      Computer Name: Karl??s iMac
      User Name: Karl Kloppenborg (karl)
      Secure Virtual Memory: Enabled
      Time since boot: 10 days 20:24
--------------

# php -a
php > print_r(dns_get_record('google.com', DNS_MX));

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 10
            [target] => aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 30
            [target] => alt2.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 50
            [target] => alt4.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 40
            [target] => alt3.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [host] => google.com
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 20
            [target] => alt1.aspmx.l.google.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 749
        )

)

[#4] dylan at pow7 dot com [2009-02-21 11:29:35]

Get more than one type at once like this:
<?php $dnsr = dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_A + DNS_NS); print_r($dnsr); ?>

Using DNS_ALL fails on some domains where DNS_ANY works. I noticed the function getting stuck on the DNS_PTR record, which caused it to return FALSE with this error:
PHP Warning: dns_get_record(): res_nsend() failed in ....

This gets all records except DNS_PTR:
<?php $dnsr = dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_ALL - DNS_PTR); print_r($dnsr); ?>