Shared Memory 函数

shmop_close — Close shared memory block
shmop_delete — Delete shared memory block
shmop_open — Create or open shared memory block
shmop_read — Read data from shared memory block
shmop_size — Get size of shared memory block
shmop_write — Write data into shared memory block

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[#1] joeldg at gmail.com [2006-02-09 11:28:16]

I wrote a php memcache back in 2003 as a sort of proof of concept
it is use on a few machines for doing heavy page load caching...
it works very well.
Following are some of the core functions I made

<?php ############################################### #### shared mem functions ############################################### function get_key($fsize, $file){ if(!file_exists(TMPDIR.TMPPRE.$file)){ touch(TMPDIR.TMPPRE.$file); } $shmkey = @shmop_open(ftok(TMPDIR.TMPPRE.$file, 'R'), "c", 0644, $fsize); if(!$shmkey) { return false; }else{ return $shmkey; }//fi } function writemem($fdata, $shmkey){ if(MEMCOMPRESS && function_exists('gzcompress')){ $fdata = @gzcompress($fdata, MEMCOMPRESSLVL); } $fsize = strlen($fdata); $shm_bytes_written = shmop_write($shmkey, $fdata, 0); updatestats($shm_bytes_written, "add"); if($shm_bytes_written != $fsize) { return false; }else{ return $shm_bytes_written; }//fi } function readmem($shmkey, $shm_size){ $my_string = @shmop_read($shmkey, 0, $shm_size); if(MEMCOMPRESS && function_exists('gzuncompress')){ $my_string = @gzuncompress($my_string); } if(!$my_string) { return false; }else{ return $my_string; }//fi } function deletemem($shmkey){ $size = @shmop_size($shmkey); if($size > 0){ updatestats($size, "del"); } if(!@shmop_delete($shmkey)) { @shmop_close($shmkey); return false; }else{ @shmop_close($shmkey); return true; } } function closemem($shmkey){ if(!shmop_close($shmkey)) { return false; }else{ return true; } } function iskey($size, $key){ if($ret = get_key($size, $key)){ return $ret; }else{ return false; } } ################################################ ?>

[#2] Roy <roy AT enhost.com> [2006-01-28 21:58:51]

I have written a script to highlight the superiority of shared memory storage.
Although it doesn't use the shmop function, the underlying concept is similar.
'/shm_dir/' is a tmpfs directory, which is based on shared memory, that I have mounted on the server.

Below is the result on an Intel Pentium VI 2.8 server:

IO test on 1000 files
IO Result of Regular Directory : 0.079015016555786
IO Result of Shared Memory Directory : 0.047761917114258

IO test on 10000 files
IO Result of Regular Directory : 3.7090260982513
IO Result of Shared Memory Directory : 0.46256303787231

IO test on 40000 files
IO Result of Regular Directory : 117.35703110695 seconds
IO Result of Shared Memory Directory : 2.6221358776093 seconds

The difference is not very apparent nor convincing at 100 files.
But when we step it up a level to 10000 and 40000 files, it becomes pretty obvious that Shared Memory is a better contender.

Script courtesy of http://www.enhost.com

<?php set_time_limit(0); // Your regular directory. Make sure it is write enabled $setting['regular_dir'] = '/home/user/regular_directory/'; // Your shared memory directory. $setting['shm_dir'] = '/shm_dir/'; // Number of files to read and write $setting['files'] = 40000; function IO_Test($mode) { $starttime = time()+microtime(); global $setting; for($i = 0 ; $i< $setting['files'] ;$i++) { $filename = $setting[$mode].'test'.$i.'.txt'; $content = "Just a random content"; // Just some error detection if (!$handle = fopen($filename, 'w+')) { echo "Can't open the file ".$filename; exit; } if (fwrite($handle, $content ) === FALSE) { echo "Can't write to file : ".$filename; exit; } fclose($handle); // Read Test file_get_contents($filename); } $endtime = time()+microtime(); $totaltime = ($endtime - $starttime); return $totaltime; } echo '<b>IO test on '.$setting['files']. ' files</b><br>'; echo 'IO Result of <b>Regular</b> Directory : '.IO_Test('regular_dir') .' seconds<br>'; echo 'IO Result of <b>Shared Memory</b> Directory : '.IO_Test('shm_dir') .' seconds<br>'; foreach ( glob($setting['regular_dir']."*.txt") as $filename) { unlink($filename);$cnt ++; } foreach ( glob($setting['shm_dir']."*.txt") as $filename) { unlink($filename);$cnt ++; } ?>

[#3] hackie at prohost dot org [2005-09-26 09:33:36]

It's not the job of the shmop extension to provide locking, there are many locking schemes avalible, if you need some sort of atomic operations choose a locking scheme that suits you and use it.

[#4] Craig Manley [2005-01-06 15:19:56]

Since there is no mention of the (lack of) need for locking here, I took a look into the shmop.c extensions code. So correct me if I'm wrong, but the shmop.c extension uses memcpy() to copy strings to and from shared memory without any form of locking, and as far as I know, memcpy() is not atomic.

If that's true as I suspect, then these 'easy to use' functions are not so 'easy to use' any more and have to be wrapped in locks (e.g. semaphores, flocks, whatever).

[#5] stoimenov at email dot com [2002-07-23 17:18:08]

Windows does support shared memory through memory mapped file. Check the following functions for details:

* CreateFileMapping
* MapViewOfFile

[#6] rei at prohost dot org [2001-01-11 15:16:49]

The idea behind SHMOP is an easy to use shared memory interface,
without any additional headers added to the shared memory segment
or requiring any special special controls to access the shared memory
segment outside of PHP. SHMOP borrows its api from C's api to shm,
which makes it very easy to use, because it treats shared memory, like C, as
a file of sorts. This makes it very easy to use even for novices, due to this
functionality. Most importantly SHMOP uses shm segments to store raw data,
which means you don't need to worry about matching headers, etc... when you are
using C, perl or other programming languages to open/create/read/write shm segments
that were create or are going to be used by PHP. In this it differs from
sysvshm, who's shm interface uses a specialized header, which resides inside
the shared memory segment this adds an unnecessary level of difficulty when
you want to access php shm from external programs.
Also, from my personal tests in Linux 2.2/2.4 and FreeBSD 3.3 SHMOP is about
20% faster then sysvshm, mostly due to fact it does not need to parse the
specialized header and stores the data in raw form.

[#7] slavapl at mailandnews dot com [2001-01-11 15:02:11]

What you need to realise is that sysvshm is extremly php oriented in it's ability, it's quite a kludge interfacing other NON PHP utilities with it. For example have you tried using sysvshm to read an shm segment NOT created by php? It's not possible, because sysvshm uses a proprietry format, in essense it can ONLY be used within PHP unless of course you take time to figure out this format.
So basically, the purpose of shmop is to provide a symple interface to shared memory that can be used with OTHER NON php shm creators.

Hope this clears it up.

Shared Memory 函数

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