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HTTP context 选项

HTTP context 选项 — HTTP context 的选项列表

说明

提供给 http:// 和 https:// 传输协议的 context 选项。 transports.

可选项

method string

远程服务器支持的 GET ， POST 或其它 HTTP 方法。

默认值是 GET 。

header string

请求期间发送的额外 header 。在此选项的值将覆盖其他值（诸如 User-agent:， Host: 和 Authentication:）。

user_agent string

要发送的 header User-Agent: 的值。如果在上面的 header context 选项中没有指定 user-agent，此值将被使用。

默认使用 php.ini 中设置的 user_agent。

content string

在 header 后面要发送的额外数据。通常使用POST或PUT请求。

proxy string

URI 指定的代理服务器的地址。(e.g. tcp://proxy.example.com:5100).

request_fulluri boolean

当设置为 TRUE 时，在构建请求时将使用整个 URI 。(i.e. GET http://www.example.com/path/to/file.html HTTP/1.0)。虽然这是一个非标准的请求格式，但某些代理服务器需要它。

默认值是 FALSE .

follow_location integer

跟随 Location header 的重定向。设置为 0 以禁用。

默认值是 1。

max_redirects integer

跟随重定向的最大次数。值为 1 或更少则意味不跟随重定向。

默认值是 20。

protocol_version float

HTTP 协议版本。

默认值是 1.0。

Note:

PHP 5.3.0 以前的版本没有实现分块传输解码。如果此值设置为 1.1 ，与 1.1 的兼容将是你的责任。

timeout float

读取超时时间，单位为秒（s），用 float 指定(e.g. 10.5)。

默认使用 php.ini 中设置的 default_socket_timeout。

ignore_errors boolean

即使是故障状态码依然获取内容。

默认值为 FALSE .

更新日志

版本	说明
5.3.4	添加 `follow_location`。
5.3.0	当 `protocol_version` 设置为 1.1 时支持分块传输解码。
5.2.10	添加 `ignore_errors`。
5.2.10	`header` 现在可以是一个数字索引的 array 。
5.2.1	添加 `timeout`。
5.1.0	Added HTTPS proxying through HTTP proxies. 添加经由 HTTP 代理的 HTTPS 代理。
5.1.0	添加 `max_redirects`。
5.1.0	添加 `protocol_version`。

范例

Example #1 获取一个页面并发送 POST 数据

  <?php

$postdata  =  http_build_query (
    array(
         'var1'  =>  'some content' ,
         'var2'  =>  'doh'
     )
);

 $opts  = array( 'http'  =>
    array(
         'method'   =>  'POST' ,
         'header'   =>  'Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' ,
         'content'  =>  $postdata
     )
);

 $context  =  stream_context_create ( $opts );

 $result  =  file_get_contents ( 'http://example.com/submit.php' ,  false ,  $context );

 ?>

Example #2 忽略重定向并获取 header 和内容

  <?php

$url  =  "http://www.example.org/header.php" ;

 $opts  = array( 'http'  =>
    array(
         'method'  =>  'GET' ,
         'max_redirects'  =>  '0' ,
         'ignore_errors'  =>  '1'
     )
);

 $context  =  stream_context_create ( $opts );
 $stream  =  fopen ( $url ,  'r' ,  false ,  $context );

 // header information as well as meta data
// about the stream
 var_dump ( stream_get_meta_data ( $stream ));

 // actual data at $url
 var_dump ( stream_get_contents ( $stream ));
 fclose ( $stream );
 ?>

注释

Note: Underlying socket stream context options
Additional context options may be supported by the underlying transport For http:// streams, refer to context options for the tcp:// transport. For https:// streams, refer to context options for the ssl:// transport.

Note: HTTP status line
When this stream wrapper follows a redirect, the wrapper_data returned by stream_get_meta_data() might not necessarily contain the HTTP status line that actually applies to the content data at index 0.
array (
  'wrapper_data' =>
  array (
    0 => 'HTTP/1.0 301 Moved Permantenly',
    1 => 'Cache-Control: no-cache',
    2 => 'Connection: close',
    3 => 'Location: http://example.com/foo.jpg',
    4 => 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK',
    ...
The first request returned a 301 (permanent redirect), so the stream wrapper automatically followed the redirect to get a 200 response (index = 4).

参见

http://
套接字上下文选项
SSL 上下文选项

用户评论:

[#1] jay [2015-04-14 01:32:45]

Remember to match content with Content-type:

<?php $data = array( 'var1' => 'some content', 'var2' => 'doh' ); $opts = array('http' => array( 'method' => 'POST', 'header' => 'Content-type: application/json', // here... 'content' => json_encode($data) // and here. ) ); . . . ?>

[#2] nate [2014-04-17 03:19:36]

Note that if you set the protocol_version option to 1.1 and the server you are requesting from is configured to use keep-alive connections, the function (fopen, file_get_contents, etc.) will "be slow" and take a long time to complete. This is a feature of the HTTP 1.1 protocol you are unlikely to use with stream contexts in PHP.

Simply add a "Connection: close" header to the request to eliminate the keep-alive timeout:

<?php // php 5.4 : array syntax and header option with array value $data = file_get_contents('http://www.example.com/', null, stream_context_create([ 'http' => [ 'protocol_version' => 1.1, 'header' => [ 'Connection: close', ], ], ])); ?>

[#3] chris [2014-02-06 06:14:06]

I had quite a bit of trouble trying to make a request with fopen through a proxy to a secure url. I kept getting a 400 Bad Request back from the remote host. It was receiving the proxy url as the SNI host. In order to get around this I had to explicity set the SNI host to the domain I was trying to reach. It's apparently the issue outlined in this bug:

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=63519

<?php $domain = parse_url($file, PHP_URL_HOST); $proxy_string = "tcp://" . WP_PROXY_HOST . ":" . WP_PROXY_PORT; $opts = array( 'http' => array( 'proxy' => $proxy_string ), 'ssl' => array( 'SNI_enabled' => true, 'SNI_server_name' => $domain)); $context = stream_context_create($opts); $handle = fopen( $file, 'r', false, $context ); ?>

[#4] vchampion at gmail dot com [2012-10-23 13:41:30]

If you use the proxy server and encounter an error "fopen(http://example.com): failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request" note that in many situations you need also set the parameter "request_fulluri" to "true" in your stream options. Without this option the php script sends the empty request to the server as "GET / HTTP/0.0" and the proxy server replies to it with the "HTTP 400" error.

For example (working sample):
<?php $stream = stream_context_create(Array("http" => Array("method" => "GET", "timeout" => 20, "header" => "User-agent: Myagent", "proxy" => "tcp://my-proxy.localnet:3128", 'request_fulluri' => True ))); if ( $fp = fopen("http://example.com", 'r', false, $stream) ) { print "well done"; } ?>

P>S> PHP 5.3.17

[#5] gourav sarkar [2011-01-18 20:09:38]

watch your case when using methods (POST and GET)...it must be always uppercase. in case of you write it in lower case it wont work.

[#6] TxRx [2009-12-15 09:13:55]

Note that if the server is not able to 'getaddresses' change the name to an ip address and that'll sort that out for internal looking calls and posts.