PHP 世界中缓冲是一个热门的话题,因为 PHP 产生的动态页面,每次用户请求都需要重新计算,不论请求的结果是否一样,同时,PHP 每次都会编译一次脚本。这样的超负荷运转对一个流量很高的网站来说肯定难以忍受。幸运的是, Web 的结果可以缓冲,而不需要重新运行和编译脚本,商品化的产品像 ZendCache 或者开源的 Alternate PHP Cache都提供了把 PHP 脚本编译为字节代码并缓冲的办法。
PEAR 的缓冲包提供了缓冲动态内容,数据库查询和 PHP 函数调用的框架。
就像 Perl 有 CPAN, TeX 有 CTAN,PHP 也有自己的中心资源库,存放类,库和模块。这个库称为 PEAR(PHP Extension and Add-On Repository)。
本文假设你已经安装了 PEAR 环境,如果没有的话,可以去 PHP 网站下载。
PEAR 的缓冲包包含一个总体的缓冲类和几个特别的子类。缓冲类使用容器类来存贮和管理缓冲数据。
下面是 PEAR 缓冲当前所包含的容器,以及各自的参数:
file -- file 容器在文件系统存储了缓冲的数据,是最快的容器。
cache_dir -- 这是容器存储文件的目录。
filename_prefix -- 缓冲文件的前缀,例如:"cache_"。
shm -- shm 容器把缓冲数据放入共享内存,基准测试显示,目前的实现下,这个容器的速度要比文件容器慢。
shm_key -- 共享内存使用的键值。
shm_perm -- 使用共享内存数据段的权限。
shm_size -- 分配共享内存的大小。
sem_key -- 信号灯的键值。
sem_perm -- 信号灯的权限。
db -- PEAR 的数据库抽象层。
dsn -- 数据库连接的 DSN 。可以参考 PEAR 的 DB 文档。
cache_table -- 表的名字。
phplib -- phplib 容器使用数据库抽象层存储缓冲。
db_class
db_file
db_path
local_file
local_path
ext/dbx -- PHP 的数据库抽象层扩展,如果像把缓冲存入数据库,可以采用这个容器。
module
host
db
username
password
cache_table
persistent
使用 PEAR Cache 所得到的性能提升取决于你所选择的缓冲容器,例如,把数据库的结果再次存入数据库缓冲中就显得毫无意义。
PEAR Cache 的函数缓冲模块能把任何函数或者方法的结果缓冲,不论是 PHP 的内置函数还是用户自定义函数,他缺省采用文件容器,把缓冲数据放入到一个叫做
function_cache 的目录。
Cache_Function 类的构造器可以有三个可选的参数:
$container :缓冲容器的名字。
$container_options :缓冲容器的数组参数。
$expires:缓冲对象过期的时间(秒数)。
普通的函数调用采用 Cache_Function 类的 call() 方法时,就能触发缓冲。调用 call() 很容易,的一个参数是函数的名字,然后是函数的参数,第二个参数是要调用函数中的第一个,依此类推,我们来看例子:
例 1: 缓冲函数和方法的调用
// 调用 PEAR Cache 的函数缓冲。
require_once ’Cache/Function.php’;
// 定义一些类和函数。
class foo {
function bar($test) {
echo "foo::bar($test)
";
}
}
class bar {
function foobar($object) {
echo ’$’.$object.’->foobar(’.$object.’)
’;
}
}
$bar = new bar;
function foobar() {
echo ’foobar()’;
}
// 取得 Cache_Function 对象
$cache = new Cache_Function();
// 对 foo 类的静态函数 bar() 作缓冲(foo::bar())。
$cache->call(’foo::bar’, ’test’);
// $bar->foobar()
$cache->call(’bar->foobar’, ’bar’);
$cache->call(’foobar’);
?>
下面我们采用 Cache_Output 来把输出作缓冲:
例子 2: 缓冲脚本的输出
// 加载 PEAR Cache 的输出缓冲
require_once ’Cache/Output.php’;
$cache = new Cache_Output(’file’, array(’cache_dir’ => ’.’) );
// 计算要缓冲页面的标记,我们假定页面的缓冲取决于
// URL, HTTP GET 和 POST 变量以及 cookies。
$cache_id = $cache->generateID(array(’url’ => $REQUEST_URI, ’post’ => $HTTP_POST_VARS, ’cookies’ => $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS) );
// 查询缓冲
if ($content = $cache->start($cache_id)) {
// 缓冲命中
echo $content;
die();
}
// 缓冲丢失
// -- 在这里插入内容产生代码 --
// 把页面存入缓冲
echo $cache->end();
?>
利用 Cache_Output 类,很容易把一个动态的数据库驱动的网站应用转化为静态,从而极大的提升站点的性能。
越来越多的站点在采用 GZIP 压缩 HTML 内容,这样减少了服务器的带宽消耗,对于使用 Modem 上网的用户来说也能受益不少。
Cache_OutputCompression 扩展了 Cache_Output 类的功能,他把 GZIP 压缩的 HTML 内容进行缓冲,从而节省了 CPU 压缩的时间。
待续...

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