Sub-database, sub-table and distributed transaction processing methods in PHP flash sale system

Sub-database, sub-table and distributed transaction processing method in PHP flash sale system

With the rapid development of the e-commerce industry, flash sale activities have become an important factor in increasing sales and Commonly used means to increase user stickiness. However, a large number of users flooding into the system at the same time can easily lead to system performance bottlenecks and database crashes. In this case, the use of sub-databases, sub-tables and distributed transaction processing is the key to improving system performance and stability.

1. Sub-database and table

1. Database split
   In the traditional relational database environment, by splitting the data into different databases according to certain rules, To achieve data separation and expansion. The principle of splitting can be based on user ID, product ID, time, etc.
2. Table splitting
   In each database, the original table is split according to certain rules, such as according to the hash value of the data or time. The split tables can be distributed in different databases to achieve distributed storage of data.
3. Data consistency
   In an architecture that uses sub-databases and sub-tables, data consistency is an important issue. When performing write operations, data synchronization and consistency need to be ensured. Distributed transaction processing methods, such as two-phase commit, can be used to ensure data consistency.

2. Distributed transaction processing

1. Two-phase submission
   In a distributed system, when it comes to data between multiple databases or multiple services When operating, two-phase commit is a common method. It is divided into two phases: voting and execution:

(1) Voting phase: The coordinator initiates a request to all participants and asks whether the transaction operation can be performed. Participants report their readiness status back to the coordinator.

(2) Execution phase: The coordinator decides whether to submit or abort the transaction operation based on the feedback from the participants. If all participants report a ready status, the coordinator initiates a commit request to all participants; if any participant reports abort, the transaction operation is terminated.

2. Message Queue
   Message queue is a common distributed transaction processing method. Database operations can be converted into asynchronous messages, and asynchronous processing and distributed storage of data can be achieved through message queues. When consistency operations on data are required, distributed writing can be implemented through message queues.

The specific code examples are as follows:

<?php
// 连接数据库
$pdo = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'password');

// 添加参与者反馈准备就绪状态的函数
function prepare($pdo, $transaction_id, $participant_id) {
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('INSERT INTO participants(transaction_id, participant_id, status) VALUES(?, ?, 'ready')');
    $stmt->execute([$transaction_id, $participant_id]);
}

// 提交事务的函数
function commit($pdo, $transaction_id) {
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('UPDATE participants SET status='commit' WHERE transaction_id=?');
    $stmt->execute([$transaction_id]);
}

// 终止事务的函数
function abort($pdo, $transaction_id) {
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('UPDATE participants SET status='abort' WHERE transaction_id=?');
    $stmt->execute([$transaction_id]);
}

// 检查参与者状态的函数
function checkParticipants($pdo, $transaction_id) {
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM participants WHERE transaction_id=? AND status='ready'');
    $stmt->execute([$transaction_id]);
    $count = $stmt->fetchColumn();
    return $count === 0;
}

// 两阶段提交过程
function twoPhaseCommit($pdo, $transaction_id) {
    // 投票阶段
    $stmt = $pdo->prepare('SELECT participant_id FROM participants WHERE transaction_id=?');
    $stmt->execute([$transaction_id]);
    while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
        sendVoteRequest($row['participant_id']);
    }

    // 执行阶段
    if (checkParticipants($pdo, $transaction_id)) {
        sendCommit($transaction_id);
        commit($pdo, $transaction_id);
    } else {
        sendAbort($transaction_id);
        abort($pdo, $transaction_id);
    }
}

?>

The above is a simple example of sub-database, sub-table and distributed transaction processing in the PHP environment. The specific implementation methods may vary depending on business requirements and system architecture.

By adopting the method of sub-database, sub-table and distributed transaction processing, system performance and stability can be effectively improved, ensuring that the flash sale system can cope with simultaneous operations by a large number of users and provide a good user experience.

The above is the detailed content of Sub-database, sub-table and distributed transaction processing methods in PHP flash sale system. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!