一、引用返回
引用返回用在当想用函数找到引用应该被绑定在哪一个变量上面时。不要用返回引用来增加性能,引擎足够聪明来自己进行优化。仅在有合理的技术原因时才返回引用!要返回引用,使用此语法:
复制代码 代码如下:
class foo {
public $value = 42;
public function &getValue() {
return $this->value;
}
}
$obj = new foo;
$myValue = &$obj->getValue(); // $myValue is a reference to $obj->value, which is 42.
$obj->value = 2;
echo $myValue; // prints the new value of $obj->value, i.e. 2.
?>
以上是PHP Manual给出的解释并表示太好理解
复制代码 代码如下:
function &test(){
static $b = 0; //声明一个静态变量
$b = $b+1;
echo $b."
";
return $b;
}
$a = test(); //输出 $b 的值为:1
$a = 5;
$a = test(); //输出 $b 的值为:2
$a = &test(); //输出 $b 的值为:3 **注意**
$a = 5; //$b的值变为了5
$a = test(); //输出 $b 的值为:6 **注意**
?>
$a = test() 虽然说函数定义的时候,是引用返回方式,但是如果采用这种普通形势调用函数,那它的作用也就和普通的函数一样,所以看结果就是1、2
$a = &test() 这种调用方式就是引用返回,就类似于 $a = &$b ,然后第二句又把$a = 5,那就是等于将变量$b = 5,最后一句得到的6也就很容易理解了!
和参数传递不同,这里必须在两个地方都用 & 符号——指出返回的是一个引用,而不是通常的一个拷贝,同样也指出 $a 是作为引用的绑定,而不是通常的赋值。
Note: 如果试图这样从函数返回引用:return ($this->value);,这将不会起作用,因为在试图返回一个表达式的结果而不是一个引用的变量。只能从函数返回引用变量——没别的方法。如果代码试图返回一个动态表达式或 new 运算符的结果,自 PHP 4.4.0 和 PHP 5.1.0 起会发出一条 E_NOTICE 错误。
二、取消引用
当 unset 一个引用,只是断开了变量名和变量内容之间的绑定。这并不意味着变量内容被销毁了。例如:
复制代码 代码如下:
$a = 1;
$b =& $a;
unset($a);
?>
不会 unset $b,只是 $a。
再拿这个和 Unix 的 unlink 调用来类比一下可能有助于理解。

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