Nginx virtual host optimization configuration to improve website performance

Nginx virtual host optimization configuration to improve website performance

In the process of website development and deployment, optimizing configuration is one of the key links to improve website performance. As a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx can give full play to its advantages through reasonable virtual host configuration, making the website more efficient and stable. This article will introduce some optimization configuration methods of Nginx virtual host and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Properly configure the listening port

First of all, we need to consider choosing a suitable listening port. Nginx listens to port 80 by default, but if other software occupies this port, or you need to run multiple websites at the same time, you need to modify the default configuration. The listening port can be modified by changing the value of the listen directive. For example, change the port to 8080:

server {
    listen 8080;
    ......
}

2. Enable gzip compression

Enabling gzip compression can effectively reduce the amount of data transmitted and improve the response speed of the website. You can enable gzip compression by adding the following code to the virtual host configuration:

server {
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/javascript application/json;
    ......
}

The above configuration indicates that gzip compression will only be enabled when the response data exceeds 1024 bytes. At the same time, only text/plain, text/css, application/javascript and application/json files will be compressed.

3. Set the cache

Setting the cache appropriately can reduce the number of requests to the back-end server and improve the response speed of the website. Nginx cache can be configured through the following code:

server {
    # 配置缓存路径和大小
    proxy_cache_path /var/cache/nginx levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m;

    # 缓存设置
    proxy_cache my_cache;
    proxy_cache_valid 200 302 12h;
    proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;

    # 代理配置
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
        proxy_cache_use_stale off;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_cache_control;
        add_header Cache-Control no-store;
    }
}

In the above code, the proxy_cache_path directive is used to configure the cache path and size, and the proxy_cache directive is used to specify which cache to use. proxy_cache_validThe directive is used to set the cache validity time.

4. Enable HTTP/2

HTTP/2 is a new generation of HTTP protocol with higher concurrency and performance compared to HTTP/1. HTTP/2 can be enabled through the following code:

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    ......
}

In the above code, HTTP/2 is enabled by adding the http2 parameter to the listen directive.

5. Configuring reverse proxy

Nginx is commonly used as a reverse proxy server to load balance and provide caching functions. You can configure the reverse proxy through the following code:

upstream backend {
    server backend_server1 weight=3;
    server backend_server2;
    ......
}

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend;
        ......
    }
}

In the above configuration, the upstream directive is used to define the backend server cluster, and the weight can be set according to actual needs. proxy_pass in the location directive is used to specify the address of the reverse proxy server.

Summary:

This article introduces some optimization configuration methods for Nginx virtual hosts, including properly configuring the listening port, turning on gzip compression, setting up cache, enabling HTTP/2 and configuring a reverse proxy. These optimized configurations can improve the performance and stability of the website and provide users with a better experience. Of course, the specific configuration method must be refined and adjusted according to the actual situation.

We hope that through the introduction and sample code of this article, readers can better understand the relevant knowledge of Nginx virtual host optimization configuration and apply it in practical applications.

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