How to implement Nginx reverse proxy configuration

How to implement Nginx reverse proxy configuration requires specific code examples

Nginx is a high-performance open source web server and reverse proxy server. In practical applications, we often use Nginx as a reverse proxy to implement load balancing, caching, SSL terminal proxy and other functions. This article will introduce how to configure Nginx's reverse proxy and give specific code examples.

1. Install Nginx

First, we need to install Nginx. It can be installed through a package manager (such as apt-get, yum), or you can download the source code from the official website, compile and install it. Taking Ubuntu as an example, install Nginx through apt-get:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nginx

2. Configuring the reverse proxy

In the Nginx configuration file, we need to configure the reverse proxy configuration. The Nginx configuration file is usually located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf or /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf. Before modifying the configuration file, it is recommended to back up the original configuration.

Open the configuration file, find the http node, and add the following configuration under the node:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

In the above configuration, listen specifies the port that Nginx listens to (for example, 80), and server_name specifies the reverse port. The domain name of the proxy (for example, example.com). In the location node, we set the address of the reverse proxy (such as http://backend_server) and use the proxy_set_header directive to pass some HTTP request header information.

3. Configuring the backend server

In the configuration file, we use http://backend_server as the reverse proxy address. Here you need to replace backend_server with the actual backend server address.

There are many ways to specify the backend server address. The following are two common ways:

A. Use IP address and port

proxy_pass http://192.168.1.100:8000;

B. Use domain name and port

proxy_pass http://backend.example.com:8000;

4. Restart Nginx

After completing the configuration, save the configuration file and restart Nginx to make the configuration take effect:

sudo service nginx restart

5. Verify the reverse proxy

Now, we can access The port Nginx listens on (for example, 80) to verify whether the reverse proxy is effective. Access http://example.com through a browser or curl command, and you should be able to get the content returned by the backend server.

6. Advanced configuration

In addition to basic reverse proxy configuration, Nginx also provides many advanced configuration options to further optimize the performance and functionality of the reverse proxy. The following are some commonly used advanced configuration examples:

A. Load balancing

upstream backend_servers {
    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;
}

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_servers;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

B. Caching

http {
    ...

    proxy_cache_path /path/to/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my_cache:10m max_size=10g inactive=60m;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend_server;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

            proxy_cache my_cache;
            proxy_cache_valid 200 302 60m;
            proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
        }
    }

    ...
}

C. SSL terminal proxy

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }
}

Above examples It is just the basic usage and common scenarios of Nginx reverse proxy configuration, and is not exhaustive. For complex application scenarios, we can have an in-depth understanding of Nginx configuration items and modules as needed, and flexibly use its powerful functions to implement the required proxy and optimization strategies.

Summary

This article introduces how to implement Nginx reverse proxy configuration and gives specific code examples. Through Nginx's reverse proxy, we can implement load balancing, caching, SSL terminal proxy and other functions to improve the performance and reliability of web applications. I hope this article will be helpful to readers who are new to Nginx.

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