How to implement Nginx logging configuration

How to implement Nginx logging configuration

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server that is often used to build large-scale websites and application services. Logging is very important when developing and using Nginx. It can be used to monitor website traffic, troubleshoot problems and analyze user behavior. This article will introduce how to configure Nginx logging and give some specific code examples.

Nginx logging configuration is completed through the configuration file nginx.conf. The following is a simple example:

http {
    # 全局配置
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    # 定义access日志的输出路径和格式
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

    server {
        # 具体的服务器配置
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            root /var/www/html;
            index index.html;
        }
    }
}

In the above example, the log_format directive defines the format of the log record, and main is a custom format name, which can be Requirements are defined by oneself. The log_format command contains some variables, such as $remote_addr represents the client’s IP address, $remote_user represents the client’s user name, $time_local represents the time of the request, $request represents the request initiated by the user, $status represents the response status code of the server, $body_bytes_sent represents the response data word sent by the server The number of sections, $http_referer represents the source page of the request, $http_user_agent represents the user’s browser proxy information, $http_x_forwarded_for represents the real client IP address of the request ( if a proxy is used). Users can customize the format as needed. The

access_log directive is used to configure the output path and format of Nginx's access log. The path in the above example is /var/log/nginx/access.log, The format is main. Users can change the path and format according to specific needs.

In order to test whether the configuration is effective, you can use the command nginx -t to check. If there are no errors in the configuration file, the command will return nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful.

In addition, Nginx also supports error log recording. The error log can be used to record some server-side error information, such as connection timeout, invalid request, etc. The following is an example of an error log:

http {
    # 全局配置
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

    server {
        # 具体的服务器配置
        listen 80;
        server_name example.com;

        location / {
            root /var/www/html;
            index index.html;
        }
    }
}

In the above example, the error_log directive configures the output path of the error log, and the path is /var/log/nginx/error.log . Likewise, users can change the path based on specific needs.

Through the above configuration, we can realize the logging function of Nginx. In actual use, it can be used in conjunction with log analysis tools, such as ELK Stack, Splunk, etc., to better analyze and monitor website traffic and user behavior.

To summarize, there are the following steps to configure Nginx logging:

1. Define the logging format in nginx.conf, use The log_format directive allows you to customize the format.
2. Use the access_log directive to configure the output path and format of the access log.
3. Use the error_log directive to configure the output path of the error log.

The above is an introduction on how to implement Nginx logging configuration. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

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