How Nginx implements access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source

How Nginx implements access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source requires specific code examples

Introduction:
With the development of the Internet, users in different regions Visiting websites has become the norm. Sometimes, we want to perform some targeted access control configuration based on the geographical location of the source of the request. As a high-performance reverse proxy server, Nginx can not only implement load balancing and HTTP caching, but also configure access control based on the geographical location of the source of the request. This article will introduce how to use Nginx to implement access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source, and provide specific code examples.

1. Obtain the geographical location of the request source
Before implementing the access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source, we need to obtain the geographical location information of the source of the request. A common method is to use a third-party IP database to query the geographical location corresponding to the requested IP address.

1.1 Download IP database
First, we need to download an IP database, which contains the mapping relationship between IP addresses and geographical locations. Currently, the more commonly used IP databases include MaxMind’s GeoIP2 database and Taobao’s IP database. In this article, we use MaxMind’s GeoIP2 database for demonstration.

You can download the GeoIP2 database file (usually a .mmdb file) on the MaxMind official website and save it locally.

1.2 Install the GeoIP2 module
Next, we need to install the GeoIP2 module in Nginx in order to use the database to query the geographical location information corresponding to the requested IP address.

First, open the Nginx source code directory and enter the ngx_http_geoip2_module directory under the modules folder. Execute the following command to download the GeoIP2 module:

git clone https://github.com/leev/ngx_http_geoip2_module.git

Then, return to the Nginx source code directory and execute the config command to configure the compilation options:

./configure --add-module=modules/ngx_http_geoip2_module

Finally, execute the make and make install commands to compile and install Nginx .

1.3 Configuring the GeoIP2 module
In the Nginx configuration file, we need to configure the GeoIP2 module to tell Nginx to query the geographical location information of the IP address from the specified database file.

Add the following configuration in the http block:

geoip2 /path/to/your/database/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
    $geoip2_data_country_code country iso_code;
}

The "/path/to/your/database/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb" here is the path to the GeoIP2 database file you downloaded. "$geoip2_data_country_code" is a variable that will save the query results. "country" indicates that the query is the country code, and "iso_code" indicates the field name where the results are saved in the variable.

2. Access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source
   After obtaining the geographical location information of the request's source, we can configure access control as needed.

2.1 Allow access to specific geographical locations

location / {
    if ($geoip2_data_country_code = "CN") {
        allow;
    }
    deny;
}

In this configuration, we use the if directive and the $geoip2_data_country_code variable to determine whether the requested geographical location is China (the code is "CN" ). If it is China, access is allowed; otherwise, access is denied.

2.2 Deny access to specific geographical locations

location / {
    if ($geoip2_data_country_code = "US") {
        deny;
    }
    allow;
}

In this configuration, if the requested geographical location is the United States (code is "US"), access will be directly denied; otherwise, access will be allowed.

2.3 Other access control configuration
In addition to access control based on country code, it can also be configured based on specific geographical location information. For example, access control can be performed based on city, latitude, longitude and other information.

location / {
    if ($geoip2_data_city_name = "Shanghai" && $geoip2_data_latitude > 31.2 && $geoip2_data_latitude < 31.3) {
        allow;
    }
    deny;
}

In this configuration, we determine whether the requested geographical location is Shanghai and the latitude is between 31.2 and 31.3. If the conditions are met, access is allowed; otherwise, access is denied.

Conclusion:
By using Nginx’s GeoIP2 module, we can easily implement access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source. First, we downloaded an IP database to query the geographical location information of IP addresses. Then, install and configure the GeoIP2 module so that Nginx can use this database to query geographic location information. Finally, access control configuration is performed based on the query results, and access control based on the geographical location of the request source is implemented.

Of course, this is just a simple example, and actual application scenarios may be more complex. In actual use, we can also combine other modules and functions, such as HTTP reverse proxy, load balancing, etc., to achieve more flexible and efficient access control configuration.

Code example:

geoip2 /path/to/your/database/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
    $geoip2_data_country_code country iso_code;
}

location / {
    if ($geoip2_data_country_code = "CN") {
        allow;
    }
    deny;
}

The above is a detailed introduction and specific code example of using Nginx to implement access control configuration based on the geographical location of the request source. In this way, we can easily control access based on the geographical location of the request and improve the security and reliability of the website. Hope this article is helpful to you!

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