Java backend development: API MVC framework development using Java Apache Struts

With the popularity of the Internet and smart mobile devices, the development of Web applications is becoming increasingly important. As an excellent cross-platform programming language, Java is favored by developers. In Java back-end development, using the MVC framework can help us improve development efficiency and reduce development costs. This article will introduce the MVC framework development of API using Java Apache Struts.

1. MVC Framework

MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern is a software design pattern that aims to divide the application into three concerns: model, view and controller. Among them, the model represents the data and business logic of the application, the view represents the user interaction interface, and the controller is the bridge between the model and the view, processing user input and response.

The advantage of the MVC design pattern is that it can decouple various parts during the development process to improve code maintainability and scalability. In addition, for complex applications, MVC also provides a layered approach so that developers can better handle large-scale code bases and complex business logic.

2. Java Apache Struts Framework

Apache Struts is a Web application framework based on the MVC pattern, which can help developers quickly build high-performance Web applications. Struts uses the classic MVC design pattern, in which the Action layer acts as a controller, responsible for transmitting data in the Model layer to the View layer for display, and supports a variety of View layer technologies, including JSP, Velocity, and FreeMarker.

Struts provides many functions, including data binding, form validation, file upload, internationalization support, etc. In addition, Struts can be flexibly integrated with other frameworks and libraries, such as Hibernate, Spring, etc. It also supports the development of REST-style web service APIs.

3. Using Struts for API MVC framework development

The following are the basic steps for using Struts for API MVC framework development:

1. Definition model

In Struts, models usually represent persistent data in an application. We can use object-relational mapping (ORM) frameworks such as Hibernate or MyBatis to persist data. Here, Hibernate is used as an example. Model classes in applications can usually be represented in the form of JavaBeans, containing some properties and corresponding get/set methods.

2. Define Controller

In Struts, controllers are usually implemented using Action classes to handle user requests and responses. The controller can obtain parameters from the HTTP request, obtain persistent data through the model object, and pass it to the view for display. In Struts, the controller class needs to inherit the ActionSupport class and override its execute method.

3. Define views

In Struts, views are usually implemented using JSP (JavaServer Pages). We can use the standard JavaServer Pages tag library (JSTL) to access the model object and retrieve the data for display.

4. Define the configuration file

The configuration file of Struts usually uses XML format, and the configuration file is used to map the request to the correct controller and view. We can set an entry point for each controller class and map it to a URL, allowing Struts to receive the request and call the corresponding controller.

5. Summary

The Java Apache Struts framework provides an efficient MVC model for Web development and supports the integration of multiple technologies and tools. When using Struts to develop API MVC framework, you need to pay attention to the definition of models, controllers and views, as well as the writing of configuration files. Although Struts has good scalability and highly optimized performance, developers also need to master the knowledge and skills required for its basic development.

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