With the development of network technology, more and more websites need to dynamically generate pages to meet user needs, and PHP, as a popular server-side programming language, is widely used in Web development. In order to more conveniently manage and maintain website code, using template engines for PHP programming has become a popular practice. This article will introduce how to use common template engines in PHP programming, as well as some tips and experiences in using template engines.
1. Why use a template engine
The main advantages of using a template engine are maintainability, reusability and scalability.
Maintainability: Using a template engine can separate HTML and PHP code, making the code clearer and easier to maintain. The code relationship between each module becomes clearer and it is easier to modify the code.
Reusability: The template engine can be used to abstract page elements into template files, making the code reusable. The same template file can be reused in multiple pages, thereby reducing the amount of code and improving development efficiency. .
Extensibility: The template engine can be used to easily expand and modify, such as adding new page elements, styles and layouts, etc., without modifying a large amount of code, only the corresponding template files need to be modified.
2. Common PHP template engines
- Smarty
Smarty is a popular PHP template engine that is highly scalable and easy to use. Learn and use, high flexibility, suitable for applications of any size. The main features of Smarty are as follows:
(1) Support template inheritance and block reference;
(2) Support multi-layer caching function;
(3) Support customization Tags and filters;
(4) Supports calls from multiple data sources.
- Twig
Twig is a modern PHP template engine created by the developers of the Symfony framework. It introduces new concepts and syntax, supports object-oriented and extensible architecture. The main features of Twig are as follows:
(1) Clear syntax and template inheritance;
(2) Use highly safe automatic variable escaping;
(3 ) Supports custom filters, functions and tags;
(4) Supports multi-layer caching and dynamic expansion.
- Blade
Blade is the template engine used by the Laravel framework. It is simple, intuitive, and easy to learn, and can quickly develop high-quality, reusable web application. The main features of Blade are as follows:
(1) Easy to learn and use, with concise syntax;
(2) Supports custom instructions and layout;
(3) Supports templates Inheritance and partial views;
(4) Supports multiple template engine rendering methods.
3. How to use template engines
The following are the basic methods of how to use Smarty and Twig template engines:
- Smarty
(1) Install Smarty
Download the Smarty package from the Smarty official website and place it in the web server directory, add the Smarty autoloader, and you can install Smarty.
(2) Create a template file
Create a template file and use Smarty syntax to display page content, for example:
<html>
<head>
<title>{$title}</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello, {$name}!
</body>
</html>(3) Write PHP logic code
Write PHP logic code to provide variable values to the template file, for example:
require_once('Smarty.class.php');
$smarty = new Smarty();
$smarty->assign('title', 'Hello, world!');
$smarty->assign('name', 'Tom');
$smarty->display('template.tpl');(4) Use Smarty to render the template file
Use Smarty’s display method to Render the template file to fuse PHP logic and HTML code together to generate the final page.
- Twig
(1) Install Twig
Download the Twig package from the Twig official website and place it in the web server directory, add Twig automatically loader to install Twig.
(2) Create a template file
Create a template file and use Twig syntax to display page content, for example:
<html>
<head>
<title>{{ title }}</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello, {{ name }}!
</body>
</html>(3) Write PHP logic code
Write PHP logic code to provide variable values to the template file, for example:
require_once('vendor/autoload.php');
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem('templates');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => 'compilation_cache',
));
echo $twig->render('template.html', array(
'title' => 'Hello, world!',
'name' => 'Tom',
));(4) Use Twig to render the template file
Use Twig's render method to Render the template file to fuse PHP logic and HTML code together to generate the final page.
4. Skills and experience in using template engines
- Abstract page elements into template files
Abstract page elements into template files, such as headers , tail, navigation bar, etc., so that they can be reused in multiple pages to achieve the purpose of code reuse.
- Use template inheritance
Using template inheritance can avoid repeatedly writing HTML code, encapsulate the public HTML code into the base template file, and then reference the base in the sub-template Template, you only need to write the parts of the sub-template that are different from the base template.
- Use template cache
Using template cache can improve page loading speed and reduce the load on server-side CPU and memory. When using cache, you need to determine the cache timeliness based on the actual situation. sex and content.
- Prevent template injection attacks
Template injection attacks are a common web attack method. When using template engines, you need to pay attention to filtering user input and ensuring the security of sensitive data. Handle to avoid being attacked.
Summarize:
The main advantages of using a template engine are maintainability, reusability and extensibility. Common PHP template engines include Smarty, Twig, Blade, etc. Using a template engine requires skills and experience in abstracting page elements into template files, using template inheritance, using template cache, and preventing template injection attacks. Using a template engine will make PHP programming simpler, clearer and more efficient.
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