How to use ORM (Object Relational Mapping) in Phalcon framework?

With the continuous development of web applications, corresponding web development frameworks are also emerging. Among them, the Phalcon framework is favored by more and more developers because of its high performance and flexibility. Phalcon framework provides many useful components, among which ORM (Object Relational Mapping) is considered one of the most important. This article will introduce how to use ORM in the Phalcon framework and some practical application examples.

1. What is ORM

First of all, we need to understand what ORM is. ORM is the abbreviation of Object-Relational Mapping, which is object-relational mapping. It is a technology that maps object models to relational database structures. By using ORM, objects can be directly manipulated without using SQL statements. The benefit of ORM is that it simplifies the programming process, improves development efficiency, and reduces code complexity.

2. Basic configuration

To use ORM in the Phalcon framework, you need to follow the following steps for basic configuration:

2.1 Install Phalcon extension

ORM is a built-in component of Phalcon and must be enabled by installing the Phalcon extension. There are many ways to install extensions. For example, under Linux, you can install it through the command line, while under Windows, you can download the compiled dll file and open the extension.

2.2 Configure the models directory

In Phalcon, the models directory is used to store ORM model classes. The location of the models directory needs to be specified in the application's configuration file, as follows:

$di->set('modelsDir', function () {
    return APP_PATH . '/app/models/';
});

2.3 Configuring the database connection

The database connection needs to be configured in the Phalcon configuration file, as follows:

$di->set('db', function () {
    return new PhalconDbAdapterPdoMysql([
        'host' => 'localhost',
        'username' => 'root',
        'password' => 'password',
        'dbname' => 'test'
    ]);
});

The above is the basic configuration of ORM in the Phalcon framework. The next step will introduce how to create model classes and add, delete, modify and query model classes.

3. Create model class

In Phalcon, the model class is the core of ORM, which defines the mapping relationship between database tables and actual objects. Every model class must inherit the PhalconMvcModel class. The name of the model class and the table name are usually the same. For example, for the database table users, you can create a model class named Users, and the code is as follows:

<?php

use PhalconMvcModel;

class Users extends Model
{
    public $id;
    public $name;

    public function initialize()
    {
        $this->setSource('users');
    }
}

In the above code, $id and $name are attributes of the model class and are used to represent the database columns in the table. The initialize() method is used to set the table name. In this way, the ORM will automatically associate the model with the database table, and we can perform corresponding operations by calling the methods of the model class.

4. Add, delete, modify and query operations of the model class

The model class operation is CRUD, which is the addition, deletion, modification and query. The following are some commonly used model class operation methods:

4.1 Create a new object

$user = new Users();
$user->name = 'Tom';
$user->save();

The above code creates a new Users object and saves it to the database. The save() method maps the object's properties to the database table and performs an update operation if the object already exists.

4.2 Delete object

$user = Users::findFirstById(1);
$user->delete();

The above code finds the first users object by id and deletes it from the database.

4.3 Update object

$user = Users::findFirstById(1);
$user->name = 'Jerry';
$user->update();

The above code finds the first users object by id and updates its name to 'Jerry'.

4.4 Query object

$user = Users::findFirstById(1);
echo $user->name;

The above code finds the first users object by id and outputs its name.

5. Example Application

After understanding the basic ORM operations, let’s take a look at the use of ORM in actual applications. Suppose we have an e-commerce website with a product table goods, and we need to query the name, price and inventory of a product. You can use the following code:

$goods = Goods::findFirstById(1);
echo $goods->name.'的价格为'.$goods->price.'元，库存量为'.$goods->stock.'件。';

Of course, if you need to perform complex queries, you can also use the QueryBuilder provided by Phalcon. For example, we need to query the names and prices of all products with a price greater than 100 yuan:

$queryBuilder = $this->modelsManager->createBuilder()
    ->from('Goods')
    ->columns(['name', 'price'])
    ->where('price > :price:', ['price' => 100]);
$goods = $queryBuilder->getQuery()->execute();

foreach ($goods as $good) {
    echo $good->name.'的价格为'.$good->price.'元。';
}

With the above code, we can easily perform ORM operations and achieve excellent results in practical applications.

6. Conclusion

The ORM of the Phalcon framework is a powerful and simple way to operate the database. With Phalcon ORM, we can easily perform data operations, improve development efficiency and simplify code complexity. I hope this article will be helpful to you, and experience the beauty of Phalcon ORM in practical applications!

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