An explanation of unit testing techniques for Golang functions

As an emerging language, Golang has been adopted by more and more enterprises or developers. In these application scenarios, functions are the most basic modules, and their stability and reliability are key factors for application success. . Therefore, unit testing is very important in the process of Golang development, and here, we will explain the unit testing skills of Golang functions.

1. Basic part

1. Installing Golang

To use Golang’s unit testing tool, you first need to install Golang itself and download the latest version through the official website Golang, then install it.

2. Write test code

Before performing unit testing, you first need to write the corresponding test code. Here is a simple function example to explain:

func add(a, b int) int{
    return a + b
}

You can write the following test code:

import "testing"
func TestAdd(t *testing.T){
    if add(1, 2) != 3 {
        t.Error("test add func failed")
    }
}

3. Run the test code

After writing the test code, you can execute the go test command in the command line, you can see The test results are as follows:

PASS
ok   go-demo/src/ 0.001s

2. Advanced part

1. Subtest

If you need to perform multiple unit tests on the same function, you can use subtests test.

func TestAdd(t *testing.T){
    t.Run("add(x, y)", func(t *testing.T){
        if add(1, 2) != 3 {
            t.Error("test add func failed")
        }
    })
    t.Run("add(a, b)", func(t *testing.T){
        if add(2, 3) != 5 {
            t.Error("test add func failed")
        }
    })
}

Here, t.Run is used to distinguish different subtests and execute each subtest separately.

2. Parallel testing

When there are many functions or the test cases are time-consuming, parallel testing can be used to improve testing efficiency. Golang supports adding the Parallel() or TestParallel() keyword to the test case function name to enable parallel testing.

func TestAdd(t *testing.T){
    t.Parallel()
    if add(1, 2) != 3 {
        t.Error("test add func failed")
    }
}

3. Delayed Test

When you need to add some resources to the test case or subtest, such as files, database connections, etc., you can use delayed testing.

func TestAdd(t *testing.T){
    t.Cleanup(func() {
        //释放连接
    })
    t.Run("add(x, y)", func(t *testing.T){
        //测试代码
    })
}

Here, the t.Cleanup function will be executed after each sub-test or test case is completed to release resources.

Summary:

Through the introduction of this article, we have learned about the unit testing skills of Golang functions. First, we introduce the basic parts of Golang, including installing Golang, writing test code, and running test code; then Some advanced parts are introduced, including subtests, parallel testing, delayed testing, etc. In actual Golang development, unit testing is an essential part. I hope this blog post can provide some help to everyone.

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