Is golang crawler faster?

With the popularization of the Internet, the ways of obtaining information are becoming more and more diversified. Therefore, crawler technology has attracted more and more attention from developers. With the rise of the Golang language, some developers have begun to explore whether using Golang to implement crawler programs is faster and more efficient. This article will delve into the speed and efficiency of Golang crawlers.

1. Introduction to Golang

Golang, also known as Go language, is a programming language released by Google in 2009. It has attracted widespread attention and learning craze after its release. Golang is an open source, keyword-based, compiled programming language designed for efficient software development. Its source code is managed and maintained using the Git version control system. Golang is a lightweight language with very fast execution speed and rich standard library. Therefore, more and more developers are starting to use Golang for development.

2. Introduction to Golang crawler

Crawler refers to a program that simulates human browser behavior, automatically captures web page information, such as text, pictures, etc., and then processes this information. The Golang language is very suitable for writing crawlers. It has strong concurrency performance, can obtain information efficiently, and shoulders the role of exploring more valuable data on the Internet. Golang's high degree of concurrency allows it to request multiple URLs at the same time when crawling web pages, and its own GC mechanism and coroutine can improve the performance of the crawler. Compared with languages ​​such as Python, Golang has unique advantages in the crawler field.

3. Characteristics of Golang crawler

1. Concurrency

Golang’s concurrency performance is better than that of Python and other languages. In a multi-core CPU environment, Golang's concurrency performance is better than other languages. Therefore, Golang has great advantages in the crawler field. Golang can initiate multiple HTTP requests at the same time without lagging. There is no need to write your own asynchronous implementation, and there is no need to laboriously write locks and serial requests.

2. High performance

Golang’s execution speed is very fast and is more efficient than other languages. Golang can ensure that its performance is more efficient than other languages ​​through the optimization of the GC mechanism, and crawler tasks usually require processing a large amount of data, so this feature makes it faster to use Golang to complete crawler tasks.

3. Easy to write

The Python language is characterized by being simple and easy to learn, and the same is true for Golang. Golang's writing syntax is very similar to Python, so you can get started quickly. Moreover, Golang's coding style is very neat, and the code is very readable and maintainable.

4. Memory Management

Golang also has a relatively excellent memory management mechanism. Golang uses the GC (Garbage Collection) mechanism for memory processing and garbage collection. Therefore, when processing longer-term tasks, Golang is more robust and reliable, and can better coordinate programs and resources.

4. Implementation of Golang crawler

The implementation of the crawler requires multiple operations such as parsing the page, requesting data, and saving data. We will implement these below.

1. Parse the page

When using Python to implement a crawler, we usually use BeautifulSoup to parse the page, and in Golang, we can use the third-party library goquery to complete it.

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery"
)

func getLinks(html string) {
  doc, _ := goquery.NewDocumentFromReader(strings.NewReader(string(html)))
  doc.Find("a").Each(func(i int, s *goquery.Selection) {
    url, exists := s.Attr("href")
    if exists {
      fmt.Println(url)
    }
  }
}

2. Request data

When using Python to implement a crawler, the requests library is usually used to send network requests to obtain page data. In Golang, we can use the http package Or third-party library net/http to complete.

import (
  "fmt"
  "io/ioutil"
  "net/http"
  "net/url"
  "strings"
)

func httpGet(url string) string {
  resp, err := http.Get(url)
  if err != nil {
    fmt.Println(err)
    return ""
  }
  defer resp.Body.Close()
  body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
  
  return string(body)
}

3. Save data

When using Python to implement a crawler, we usually use pymongo to store data into MongoDB, and in Golang, we can use go- mongo-driver or gorm library to complete data saving.

type Example struct { 
  ID primitive.ObjectID `json:"_id,omitempty" bson:"_id,omitempty"`
  Title string `json:"title,omitempty" bson:"title,omitempty"`
  Content string `json:"content,omitempty" bson:"content,omitempty"`
}

func (e *Example) Save() error {
  _, err := client.Database("my_database").Collection("examples").InsertOne(context.TODO(), *e)
  if err != nil {
    return err
  }
  return nil
}

5. Summary

Although we can use multiple languages ​​​​when writing crawler programs, Golang has its unique advantages in terms of speed and efficiency. Golang's high concurrency performance, efficient memory management and high execution speed make Golang very competitive in the crawler field. Moreover, Golang has a relatively low learning curve and is easy to get started. In addition, Golang's standard library and third-party libraries are becoming more and more complete, which can help us complete crawler development faster. Therefore, we can safely say: Golang crawls faster!

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