How to convert Erlang to Golang

With the development of Internet technology, programming languages ​​are also constantly changing and developing. In this context, Erlang and Golang have become popular programming languages. Erlang and Golang themselves have great advantages and applicable scenarios in terms of language features and performance. However, in many cases, due to project requirements or personal preference, programmers or teams need to convert one language to another. Here's how to convert Erlang to Golang.

Why choose Erlang to convert to Golang

Erlang is a programming language oriented to concurrent programming. It is very suitable for high-concurrency, distributed, and scalable system development. In actual project development, Erlang is usually used to build soft real-time systems, such as telephone switches and messaging systems in the telecommunications field. Erlang has the unique Actor model concurrency model, OTP framework, powerful distributed system management and other advantages.

However, Erlang also has some shortcomings, such as complex syntax and lengthy code. In addition, because Erlang is a specialized programming language with good concurrency and scalability, but is not as developed as other languages ​​such as Java and C in other aspects, it also has certain problems in practical applications.

In contrast, Golang has the advantages of better syntax, higher performance, and supports concurrent programming. This is why many companies and teams choose to use Golang for development. Therefore, converting Erlang to Golang is a more reasonable choice.

How to convert Erlang to Golang

For Erlang developers, there are certain differences in the syntax and usage of Golang and Erlang. Below, we will introduce how to convert Erlang to Golang from four aspects:

1. Type conversion

There is no explicit type declaration in Erlang, and variables have dynamic types. In Golang, explicit type declaration is required. Therefore, type conversion is required when converting Erlang to Golang.

For example, defining a string variable in Erlang can be written as:

String = "Hello, World!"

And in Golang, you need to use the variable type declaration:

var String string = "Hello, World!"

For polymorphic functions , called function overloading in Erlang, requires manual type conversion in Golang.

2. Processes and Coroutines

Erlang is a purely message-oriented language based on the Actor model, while Golang uses Goroutine to achieve concurrency. Goroutine is a lightweight thread. Different from Java-like threads, they are executed in the form of coroutine, so they are low-cost and simple to collaborate. When converting Erlang to Golang, you need to convert the process into a coroutine.

For example, in Erlang a process can be created as follows:

Pid = spawn(fun() -> loop() end).

In Golang, you need to use Goroutine to implement:

go loop()

3. Modules and packages

Erlang and Golang are very different in module and package management. In Erlang, modules and code are defined in the same file, and '-module(Name)' is used in the code to represent the module. In Golang, a Java-like package management mechanism is used.

For example, in Erlang, define a module:

-module(example).
-export([hello_world/0]).
 
hello_world() -> io:fwrite("Hello, world!").

And in Golang, you need to define a package:

package example

import "fmt"
 
func Hello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello, world!")
}

4. Concurrent programming implementation

In Erlang, through the Actor model design, it is extremely simple to implement concurrent programming, and the code is almost unrestricted. In Golang, although Goroutine is very convenient to use, channels need to be used to synchronize Goroutine. When converting Erlang to Golang, appropriate code rewriting is required.

For example, implementing an Actor model in Erlang:

% Worker Actor
worker(From) ->
  receive
    {multiplication, A, B} ->
      Result = A * B,
      From ! {result, Result},
      worker(From)
    end.
 
% Spawn Worker
spawn_worker() ->
  spawn(fun() -> worker(self()) end).
 
% Client Actor
client() ->
  Workers = [spawn_worker() || _ <- lists:seq(1, 10)],
  Sums = workers_sum(Workers, 0),
  io:fwrite("~p\n", [Sums]).
 
% Master Actor
workers_sum(Workers, Acc) ->
  receive
    {result, Result} ->
      if
        length(Workers) > 1 ->
          workers_sum(tl(Workers), Acc + Result);
        true ->
          Acc + Result
      end
  end.
 
% Main
main() -> client().

And implementing a simple Actor model in Golang:

func worker(ch chan MultiplyRequest) {
    for {
        req := <-ch
        req.ChanResult <- req.A*req.B
    }
}
 
func main() {
    chs := make([]chan MultiplyRequest, 10)
    for i := range chs {
        chs[i] = make(chan MultiplyRequest)
        go worker(chs[i])
    }
 
    reqs := make([]MultiplyRequest, 10)
    for i := range reqs {
        reqs[i] = MultiplyRequest{i, i+1, make(chan int)}
        chs[i] <- reqs[i]
    }
 
    sum := 0
    for _, req := range reqs {
        sum += <- req.ChanResult
    }
 
    fmt.Printf("%d\n", sum)
}

Summary

In practice During project development, due to various reasons such as code performance and system requirements, conversion to different programming languages ​​is required. This article introduces how to convert Erlang to Golang, emphasizing the concurrency advantages of Golang and the need for type conversion, process coroutine, etc. to be rewritten. In short, when selecting and converting a programming language, it is necessary to fully understand the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the programming language in order to make reasonable selection and implementation.

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