Nginx dynamic and static separation operation explanation

Nginx has strong static processing capabilities, but insufficient dynamic processing capabilities. Therefore, dynamic and static separation technology is commonly used in enterprises. The dynamic and static separation technology actually uses a proxy method. In the server{} section, a location with a regular match is added to specify the matching item. Dynamic and static separation for PHP: static pages are handed over to Nginx for processing, and dynamic pages are handed over to the PHP-FPM module or Apache. . In the Nginx configuration, different processing methods for static and dynamic pages are implemented through the location configuration section and regular matching.

1. Project brief description

Deploy wordpress to realize the dynamic separation of the entire website and achieve the following requirements:

1. The front-end Nginx receives the static request and returns it directly from NFS to the client.

2. The front-end Nginx receives the dynamic request and forwards it to the PHP server for processing through FastCGI.

----If you get a static result, directly retrieve the result from NFS and give it to Nginx and then return it to the client.

----If data processing is required, the PHP server will connect to the database and return the results to Nginx

3. The front-end Nginx receives the image request and submits it as .jpg, .png, .gif, etc. Processed by the backend Images server.

2. Overall architecture diagram

3. Configuration details

1.NFS server configuration

vim /etc/exports
/app/blog   10.10.0.0/24(ro,sync,root_squash,no_all_squash) # 只允许内网网段挂载，提高安全性。

cd /app/blog                                                # 将wordpress文件解压
tar  -xvf  wordpress-4.8.1-zh_CN.tar.gz

2.Nginx server configuration

First of all, both Nginx and PHP servers must be installed Load NFS. Achieve unified deployment and facilitate management

mount 10.10.0.72:/app/blog /app/blog #Mount NFS/app/blog to local/app/blog

and then configure Nginx

Nginx is mainly the configuration of location in the server. Configure the location to hand the file ending in .php to the PHP server. Give the ones ending in .jpg or gif to Image. Other configurations can be left as default.

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    sendfile                on;
    tcp_nopush           on;
    tcp_nodelay             on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  www.shuaiguoxia.com;
        index index.php index.html;
        root /app/blog;                                     # 根目录为挂载的NFS的挂载点
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location ~* \.php$ {                                # location匹配将php结尾的交给PHP服务器
                fastcgi_pass 10.10.0.22:9000;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /app/blog$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
        } 
        location ~* \.(jpg|gif)$ {                          # location匹配将图片交给Image处理
                proxy_pass http://10.10.0.23:80;            # Image服务器要开启web服务
        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
            location = /40x.html {
        }
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
        }
    }

3.PHP server configuration

PHP服务器的配置比较简单，主要讲PHP以FPM模式安装后进行简单的配置即可

yum install php-fpm php-mysql

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
listen = 9000                                   # 只写监听端口，即监听所有IP
listen.allowed_clients = any                    # 允许所有IP进行访问。或者将这行注释。

4.MySQL服务器

yum install marirdb-server

/usr/local/mysql/bin/myhsql_secure_installation         #MySql初始化脚本，以下为每一项的翻译
  是否设置root密码
  输入密码
  确认密码
  是否设置匿名用户
  是否允许root远程登录
  删除test数据库
  现在是否生效
 
mysql -uroot -p 

create database wpdb;                                   # 创建wp数据库
grant all on wpdb.* to wpadm@'10.10.%' idenfied by 'centos';    # 授权用户。用户不存在系统会自动创建

5.Image服务器配置

yum install nginx                               # 安装Nginx

cd /app/image                                   # 将所有图片解压至此路径。图片的目录结构要保持原样
tar  -xvf  wordpress-4.8.1-zh_CN.tar.gz

 server {
        root      /app/image;                   # 仅仅修改根目录这一行即可。Httpd同理
        }                                       # 如果使用apache要注意在CentOS7下默认拒绝所有

nginx start                                     # 启动服务

6.配置wordpress

cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php           # 复制一个模板文件后改名作为主配置文件

vim wp-config.php
/** WordPress数据库的名称 */  
define('DB_NAME', 'wpdb');                      # wpdb为MySQL中创建的数据库

/** MySQL数据库用户名 */
define('DB_USER', 'wpadm');                     # wpadm为MySQL中授权的用户

/** MySQL数据库密码 */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'centos');                # 授权用户的密码

/** MySQL主机 */
define('DB_HOST', '10.10.0.24');                # MySQL主机地址

至此配置就已经完成。达到了图片从图片服务器返回，静态nginx直接返回，动态交给PHP进行处理。

总结

1.前端Nginx要做好location匹配，将*.php与*.jpg等进行反向代理。

2.后端PHP服务器要修改配置文件，PHP自带配置文件只监听本地，且只允许本地访问

3.后端Image服务器，不论是apache还是Nginx要开启WEB服务。根目录要指向图片根目录，且根目录下的图片要与原本图片文件目录结构一致。

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