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PHP execution method of external program implementation

Jan 26, 2018 am 10:11 AM
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在一些特殊情况下,会使用PHP调用外部程序执行,比如:调用shell命令、shell脚本、可执行程序等等,今天在源码中了解了一下PHP执行外部程序的方法,借此机会顺便整理一下。

在源码中 exec.h文件中,列出了可调用外部程序的几个函数,蓝色框里的两个函数只是辅助作用,本文只对其他几个函数做介绍。

前提

1 PHP没有运行在安全模式,关掉安全模式,即:safe_mode = off

2 禁用函数列表 disable_functions =  exec, system, shell_exec,proc_open, popen, 如果禁用了,就关掉。

注意:执行外部程序是存在风险的,所以使用这些函数要在确保安全的情况下使用。

exec() 函数

原型:string exec ( string command [, array &output [, int &return_var]] )

描述:返回值保存最后的输出结果,而所有输出结果将会保存到$output数组,$return_var用来保存命令执行的状态码(用来检测成功或失败)。

例子:


<?php
exec(&#39;whoami&#39;,$output, $status);
var_dump($output);
exit;

输出结果:


array(1) {
 [0]=>
 string(7) "hedong"
}

注意:

① 输出结果会逐行追加到$output中,因此在调用exec之前需要unset($output),特别是循环调用的时候。

② 如果想通过exec调用外部程序后马上继续执行后续代码,仅仅在命令里加"&"是不够的,此时exec依然会等待命令执行完毕;需要再将标准输出做重定向才可以,例如:exec("ls -al >/dev/null &", $output, $var);

shell_exec() 函数

原型:string shell_exec( string command)

描述:通过 shell 环境执行命令,并且将完整的输出以字符串的方式返回。

例子:


<?php
$output = shell_exec(&#39;whoami&#39;);
echo "$output"; // hedong
exit;

注意:

当进程执行过程中发生错误,或者进程不产生输出的情况下,都会返回 NULL, 所以,使用本函数无法通过返回值检测进程是否成功执行。 如果需要检查进程执行的退出码,请使用 exec() 函数。

system() 函数

原型:string system ( string command [, int &return_var] )

描述:执行给定的命令,返回最后的输出结果;第二个参数是可选的,用来得到命令执行后的状态码。

例子:


<?php
system("whoami", $status); // 直接输出
var_dump($status); // 成功时状态码是 0
exit;

输出结果:hedong

passthru() 函数

原型:void passthru (string command [, int return_var])

描述:执行给定的命令,但不返回任何输出结果,而是直接输出到显示设备上;第二个参数可选,用来得到命令执行后的状态码。

用途:当所执行的 Unix 命令输出二进制数据, 并且需要直接传送到浏览器的时候, 需要用此函数来替代 exec() 或 system() 函数

例子:


<?php
passthru("whoami", $status); // 直接输出
var_dump($status); // 成功时状态码是 0
exit;

输出结果:hedong

popen() 函数

原型:resource popen ( string command, string mode )

描述:打开一个指向进程的管道,该进程由派生给定的 command 命令执行而产生。 返回一个和 fopen() 所返回的相同的文件指针,只不过它是单向的(只能用于读或写)并且必须用 pclose() 来关闭。此指针可以用于 fgets(),fgetss() 和 fwrite()。

例子:


$fd = popen("command", &#39;r&#39;);
$ret = fgets($fd);

注意:只能打开单向管道,不是'r'就是'w';并且需要使用pclose()来关闭。

proc_open() 函数

原型:resource proc_open ( string cmd, array descriptorspec, array &pipes [, string cwd [, array env [, array other_options]]] )

描述:与popen类似,但是可以提供双向管道。

例子:


<?php
/**
 * @author: hedong
 * @date 2017-04-04
 */
// 管道配置
$descriptors = array(
  0 => array("pipe", "r"),
  1 => array("pipe", "w")
);
$process = proc_open("php", $descriptors, $pipes);
if (is_resource($process)) {
  fwrite($pipes[0], "<?php\n");
  fwrite($pipes[0], " \$rand = rand(1,2);\n");
  fwrite($pipes[0], " if (\$rand == 1) {\n");
  fwrite($pipes[0], "  echo \"Hello, World!\n\";\n");
  fwrite($pipes[0], " } else {");
  fwrite($pipes[0], "  echo \"Goodbye, World!\n\";\n");
  fwrite($pipes[0], " }");
  fwrite($pipes[0], "?>");
  fclose($pipes[0]);
  $output = "";
  while (!feof($pipes[1])) {
    $output .= fgets($pipes[1]);
  }
  $output = strtoupper($output);
  echo $output; fclose($pipes[1]);
  proc_close($process);
}

输出结果:

GOODBYE, WORLD!

注意:

① 后面需要使用proc_close()关闭资源,并且如果是pipe类型,需要用pclose()关闭句柄。
② proc_open打开的程序作为php的子进程,php退出后该子进程也会退出。

总结:

exec函数将输出结果保存在第二个参数上;

shell_exec函数没有参数中接收返回值,而且没有执行成功的状态码;

system函数将执行的结果直接输出;passthru函数同system函数,不同之处是适合处理输出二进制数据;

popen函数会fork一个子进程,返回文件指针

proc_open函数同popen,但可提供双向通道

相关推荐:

Summary of common methods for executing external programs in python

A potential risk of running external programs in PHP

PHP mid-level Run external programs that can only be run by the root user_PHP


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