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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp上的memcache和memcached两个pecl库_php技巧

之前尝试用的是memcache,后来发现memcached支持setMulti方法,准备转向使用memcached库了。

(试了下,实际上,memcache从支持多值set,但文档上还没有,看changelog好像是3.0开始支持,稳定版可能不带此功能。)

至于效率,也不清楚会有多大差距。

这里有一篇文章也说到,memcached是基于libmemcached,可能要好一些。

终于,基于libmemached的php扩展在pecl发布了。

于是,现在pecl上有两个memcache客户端了。一个是完全在PHP框架内开发的memcache,一个是使用libmemcached的memecached

功能嘛,我没看过libmemcached,但是理论上来说,在其他语言里已经很流行的libmemcached应该会有更完善的功能。而程序上性能(内存和CPU使用率),不好说,虽然pecl::memcache是原生实现的,但是使用libmemcached的pecl::memached只支持OO接口,而pecl::memcache则是OO和非OO两套接口并存,这点拖累了它。

其实这些都不是最重要的。使用libmemcached有个明显的优点,就是以后随着memcached服务器端的改进,这个lib也必定会马上跟进的。而pecl::memcache却不一定能做到按时跟进。

pecl::memcached,还有个非常称赞的地方,就是flag不是在操作的时候设置了。而是有一个统一的setOption()。冲着这个方法,就非常值得从pecl::memcache转到pecl::memcached了。具体的接口可以看这里:http://cvs.php.net/viewvc.cgi/pecl/memcached/memcached-api.php?view=markup

我在pecl-dev@里提到是否可以做成driver-based的架构。跟现在的MySQL一样,可以选择使用mysqlnd或者libmysql作为底层的引擎。但是之后想想,其实我并不是很支持对memcached使用这样的架构,它和MySQL的情况不一样。

mysqlnd作为一个引擎而不是一个新的api来开发,可以使得大量的应用程序不需要对数据库操作做修改即可用上新的引擎。如果mysqlnd作为一个新的extension,那么如果它想兼容以前的程序,就面临一个很困难的选择。因为目前为止,存在3个官方的使用libmysql的,并具有不同对外接口的MySQL类集。mysqlnd能兼容mysql,就无法兼容mysqli或者pdo。当然对于使用自己的抽象数据库类的程序来说,这个可以通过改写类或者更换driver(php层面)来实现兼容。但是要想想,就算是使用抽象库,这个世界如此之多的数据库抽象库,如果要让所有人都用得起nd,那得改多少个库,加多少个driver阿。

memcached的情况就简单很多了,目前和官方关系比较密切的只有pecl::memcache,而且接口基本上都是根据memcached的协议来的,和libmemcache相差无几。它们其实都可以被看作是一个抽象类里的不同driver。所以虽然是两套不同的客户端,但是更换起来,几乎不需要做什么改动,只需要在类初始化的地方更改一下,set/get等等这些方法的flag去掉即可,除非你使用了非OO的接口。

另外mysql在通讯和数据获取上也比memcache复杂,nd可以做到一些libmysql无法做到的事情。例如buffer可以直接用php内部的HashTable和zval存储;再例如一些作为持久链接的结构可以更多地缓存起来。(这些例如只是我的猜测,我并没有去阅读过mysqlnd的代码)

Memcached manual:

http://cn.php.net/manual/en/book.memcached.php

Memcache manual:

http://cn.php.net/manual/en/book.memcache.php

Memcached 协议中英文对照

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