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HomeBackend DevelopmentC#.Net TutorialDetailed explanation of the example of .NET completing Configuration reading configuration

本篇文章主要介绍了详解ASP.NET Core实现强类型Configuration读取配置数据 ,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

前言

实现读取JSON文件几种方式,在项目中采取老办法简单粗暴,结果老大过来一看,恩,这样不太可取,行吧那我就用.NET Core中最新的方式诺,切记,适合的才是最好的,切勿懒。

.NET Core读取JSON文件通过读取文件方式

 当我将VS2015项目用VS2017打开后再添加控制器,此时会报错如下:

此时我们应该在该项目中的.csproj中添加如下这一句才能解决此问题:

 <ItemGroup>
 <DotNetCliToolReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Tools" Version="1.0.0" />
 </ItemGroup>

我们在读取存放JSON目录时利用 IHostingEnvironment 类来实现,通过该类中的如下两个属性来获取项目目录:

   //获取当前项目所在目录
   var contentPath = _hostingEnv.ContentRootPath;

   //获取wwwroot所在目录
   var rootPath = _hostingEnv.WebRootPath;

我们在当前项目下建立一个存放JSON的文件夹,如下:

在该json文件中,我们给出数据如下:

{
 "name": "jeffcky",
 "age": 25
}

接下来则是读取JSON文件并获取数据了:

  [HttpPost]
  public async Task<IActionResult> Json()
  {
   var result = string.Empty;

   var filePath = _hostingEnv.ContentRootPath + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + "Json"
    + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + "Read.json";

   using (var streamReader = System.IO.File.OpenText(filePath))
   {
    result = await streamReader.ReadToEndAsync();
   }

   var json = new { name = string.Empty, age = 0 };

   var data = JsonConvert.DeserializeAnonymousType(result, json);

   return View();
  }

此时将完全读取数据:

到今天我才发现匿名类型是只读的,而不能赋值。【可笑的我】

上述是一种通过读取Json文件的方式来读取数据,当每来一个请求则读取一次文件,不太合适,所以老大说不可取,那就用第二种诺。

.NET Core内置读取JSON文件

当我们需要在其他控制器获取 appsettings.json 中的值时我们是怎样做的呢?比如我们要读取该json文件jb51节点下的name值

{
 "LogPath": "C:\\Jeffcky_StudyEFCore\\logs",
 "Logging": {
 "IncludeScopes": false,
 "LogLevel": {
  "Default": "Debug",
  "System": "Information",
  "Microsoft": "Information"
 }
 },
 "jb51": {
 "name": "Jeffcky"
 }
}

此时我们通过配置类Configuration来读取,同时我们需要将此类接口进行注入,下面两种方式皆可:

   services.AddSingleton<IConfigurationRoot>(Configuration);
   services.AddSingleton<IConfiguration>(Configuration);

接下来同样在控制器构造函数中进行获取。

然后就是获取该json中cnblogs节点下的数据了。

这种方式挺好,但是对于我们习惯了智能提示来说要是写错了单词,还得检查岂不麻烦,所以我们最终读取json通过强类型来实现。在程序启动时就加载我们自定义的json文件。

  public Startup(IHostingEnvironment env)
  {

   var builder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
    .SetBasePath(env.ContentRootPath)
    .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
    .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{env.EnvironmentName}.json", optional: true)
    .AddJsonFile("read.json")
    .AddEnvironmentVariables();
   Configuration = builder.Build();
  }

由于在读取配置json需要一个根节点,所以我们将上述read.json文件进行如下修改:

{
 "jb51": {
 "Name": "jeffcky",
 "Age": 25
 }
}

然后在 ConfigureServices 方法中获取该节点。

 services.Configure<Person>(Configuration.GetSection("jb51"));

此时在控制器构造函数就变成了如下这样:

  private readonly Models.Person p;
  public ReadJsonController(IOptions<Models.Person> option)
  {
   p = option.Value;
  }

最终将直接读取到json中配置的数据:

  [HttpPost]
  public IActionResult Json()
  {
   var age = p.Age;
   var name = p.Name;

   return View();
  }

一切都是那么简单和自然。

总结

本节稍稍讲解了下在.NET Core中如何实现强类型Configuration从而使得当程序启动时直接将json文件进行加载到内存当中而非每次都去读取文件来加载,希望对阅读本文的你有稍稍帮助。

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