1.什么是守护进程
守护进程是脱离于终端并且在后台运行的进程。守护进程脱离于终端是为了避免进程在执行过程中的信息在任何终端上显示并且进程也不会被任何终端所产生的终端信息所打断。
例如 apache, nginx, mysql 都是守护进程
2.为什么开发守护进程
很多程序以服务形式存在,他没有终端或UI交互,它可能采用其他方式与其他程序交互,如TCP/UDP Socket, UNIX Socket, fifo。程序一旦启动便进入后台,直到满足条件他便开始处理任务。
3.何时采用守护进程开发应用程序
以我当前的需求为例,我需要运行一个程序,然后监听某端口,持续接受服务端发起的数据,然后对数据分析处理,再将结果写入到数据库中; 我采用ZeroMQ实现数据收发。
如果我不采用守护进程方式开发该程序,程序一旦运行就会占用当前终端窗框,还有受到当前终端键盘输入影响,有可能程序误退出。
4.守护进程的安全问题
我们希望程序在非超级用户运行,这样一旦由于程序出现漏洞被骇客控制,攻击者只能继承运行权限,而无法获得超级用户权限。
我们希望程序只能运行一个实例,不运行同事开启两个以上的程序,因为会出现端口冲突等等问题。
5.怎样开发守护进程
例 1. 守护进程例示
<?php class ExampleWorker extends Worker { #public function __construct(Logging $logger) { # $this->logger = $logger; #} #protected $logger; protected static $dbh; public function __construct() { } public function run(){ $dbhost = '192.168.2.1'; // 数据库服务器 $dbport = 3306; $dbuser = 'www'; // 数据库用户名 $dbpass = 'qwer123'; // 数据库密码 $dbname = 'example'; // 数据库名 self::$dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=$dbhost;port=$dbport;dbname=$dbname", $dbuser, $dbpass, array( /* PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\'', */ PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_COMPRESS => true, PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true ) ); } protected function getInstance(){ return self::$dbh; } } /* the collectable class implements machinery for Pool::collect */ class Fee extends Stackable { public function __construct($msg) { $trades = explode(",", $msg); $this->data = $trades; print_r($trades); } public function run() { #$this->worker->logger->log("%s executing in Thread #%lu", __CLASS__, $this->worker->getThreadId() ); try { $dbh = $this->worker->getInstance(); $insert = "INSERT INTO fee(ticket, login, volume, `status`) VALUES(:ticket, :login, :volume,'N')"; $sth = $dbh->prepare($insert); $sth->bindValue(':ticket', $this->data[0]); $sth->bindValue(':login', $this->data[1]); $sth->bindValue(':volume', $this->data[2]); $sth->execute(); $sth = null; /* ...... */ $update = "UPDATE fee SET `status` = 'Y' WHERE ticket = :ticket and `status` = 'N'"; $sth = $dbh->prepare($update); $sth->bindValue(':ticket', $this->data[0]); $sth->execute(); //echo $sth->queryString; //$dbh = null; } catch(PDOException $e) { $error = sprintf("%s,%s\n", $mobile, $id ); file_put_contents("mobile_error.log", $error, FILE_APPEND); } } } class Example { /* config */ const LISTEN = "tcp://192.168.2.15:5555"; const MAXCONN = 100; const pidfile = __CLASS__; const uid = 80; const gid = 80; protected $pool = NULL; protected $zmq = NULL; public function __construct() { $this->pidfile = '/var/run/'.self::pidfile.'.pid'; } private function daemon(){ if (file_exists($this->pidfile)) { echo "The file $this->pidfile exists.\n"; exit(); } $pid = pcntl_fork(); if ($pid == -1) { die('could not fork'); } else if ($pid) { // we are the parent //pcntl_wait($status); //Protect against Zombie children exit($pid); } else { // we are the child file_put_contents($this->pidfile, getmypid()); posix_setuid(self::uid); posix_setgid(self::gid); return(getmypid()); } } private function start(){ $pid = $this->daemon(); $this->pool = new Pool(self::MAXCONN, \ExampleWorker::class, []); $this->zmq = new ZMQSocket(new ZMQContext(), ZMQ::SOCKET_REP); $this->zmq->bind(self::LISTEN); /* Loop receiving and echoing back */ while ($message = $this->zmq->recv()) { //print_r($message); //if($trades){ $this->pool->submit(new Fee($message)); $this->zmq->send('TRUE'); //}else{ // $this->zmq->send('FALSE'); //} } $pool->shutdown(); } private function stop(){ if (file_exists($this->pidfile)) { $pid = file_get_contents($this->pidfile); posix_kill($pid, 9); unlink($this->pidfile); } } private function help($proc){ printf("%s start | stop | help \n", $proc); } public function main($argv){ if(count($argv) < 2){ printf("please input help parameter\n"); exit(); } if($argv[1] === 'stop'){ $this->stop(); }else if($argv[1] === 'start'){ $this->start(); }else{ $this->help($argv[0]); } } } $cgse = new Example(); $cgse->main($argv);
5.1. 程序启动
下面是程序启动后进入后台的代码
通过进程ID文件来判断,当前进程状态,如果进程ID文件存在表示程序在运行中,通过代码file_exists($this->pidfile)实现,但而后进程被kill需要手工删除该文件才能运行
private function daemon(){ if (file_exists($this->pidfile)) { echo "The file $this->pidfile exists.\n"; exit(); } $pid = pcntl_fork(); if ($pid == -1) { die('could not fork'); } else if ($pid) { // we are the parent //pcntl_wait($status); //Protect against Zombie children exit($pid); } else { // we are the child file_put_contents($this->pidfile, getmypid()); posix_setuid(self::uid); posix_setgid(self::gid); return(getmypid()); } }
程序启动后,父进程会推出,子进程会在后台运行,子进程权限从root切换到指定用户,同时将pid写入进程ID文件。
5.2. 程序停止
程序停止,只需读取pid文件,然后调用posix_kill($pid, 9); 最后将该文件删除。
private function stop(){ if (file_exists($this->pidfile)) { $pid = file_get_contents($this->pidfile); posix_kill($pid, 9); unlink($this->pidfile); } }

PHP remains a powerful and widely used tool in modern programming, especially in the field of web development. 1) PHP is easy to use and seamlessly integrated with databases, and is the first choice for many developers. 2) It supports dynamic content generation and object-oriented programming, suitable for quickly creating and maintaining websites. 3) PHP's performance can be improved by caching and optimizing database queries, and its extensive community and rich ecosystem make it still important in today's technology stack.

In PHP, weak references are implemented through the WeakReference class and will not prevent the garbage collector from reclaiming objects. Weak references are suitable for scenarios such as caching systems and event listeners. It should be noted that it cannot guarantee the survival of objects and that garbage collection may be delayed.

The \_\_invoke method allows objects to be called like functions. 1. Define the \_\_invoke method so that the object can be called. 2. When using the $obj(...) syntax, PHP will execute the \_\_invoke method. 3. Suitable for scenarios such as logging and calculator, improving code flexibility and readability.

Fibers was introduced in PHP8.1, improving concurrent processing capabilities. 1) Fibers is a lightweight concurrency model similar to coroutines. 2) They allow developers to manually control the execution flow of tasks and are suitable for handling I/O-intensive tasks. 3) Using Fibers can write more efficient and responsive code.

The PHP community provides rich resources and support to help developers grow. 1) Resources include official documentation, tutorials, blogs and open source projects such as Laravel and Symfony. 2) Support can be obtained through StackOverflow, Reddit and Slack channels. 3) Development trends can be learned by following RFC. 4) Integration into the community can be achieved through active participation, contribution to code and learning sharing.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.

PHP is not dying, but constantly adapting and evolving. 1) PHP has undergone multiple version iterations since 1994 to adapt to new technology trends. 2) It is currently widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and other fields. 3) PHP8 introduces JIT compiler and other functions to improve performance and modernization. 4) Use OPcache and follow PSR-12 standards to optimize performance and code quality.

The future of PHP will be achieved by adapting to new technology trends and introducing innovative features: 1) Adapting to cloud computing, containerization and microservice architectures, supporting Docker and Kubernetes; 2) introducing JIT compilers and enumeration types to improve performance and data processing efficiency; 3) Continuously optimize performance and promote best practices.


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