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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialUsing sockets in php: Get articles from newsgroups_PHP Tutorial

PHP能打开远程或本地主机上的Socket端口。本文是一个使用Socket的小例子:连接到一个Usenet新闻组服务器,同服务器对话,从新闻组中下载一些文章。


在php中打开一个socket
使用fsockopen()打开一个socket.这个函数在php3和php4种都可以使用。函数声明是这样的:


int fsockopen (string hostname, int port _
[, int errno [, string errstr [, double timeout]]])

 
这个函数将打开一个连接到主机hostname的port端口的TCP连接。hostname可以是一个有效的域名,或者是一个ip地址。对于udp连接,你必须指定协议:udp://hostname. 对于unix域,主机名使用到socket的路径,这种情况下,端口port必须置为0。可选的timeout参数用来设定等待打开一个socket的时间,单位为秒。


关于fsockopen()的更多信息,请参考:http://www.php.net/manual/function.fsockopen.php


网络新闻传输协议
   访问新闻组服务器需要通过称为NNTP(网络新闻传输协议)的协议来进行。这个协议在rfc977中有详细的细节,可以在http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc977/rfc977.html得到。这个文档分别描述了怎样连接到NNTP服务器,怎样同服务器对话,以及完成这些任务的不同命令。


连接
   连接到一个NNTP服务器需要知道它的主机名(或者是ip地址)和它侦听的端口。为了避免一个连接企图失败导致程序挂起,你应该使用timeout参数。
          $cfgServer   = "your.news.host";
      $cfgPort     = 119;
      $cfgTimeOut  = 10;

      //open a socket
      if(!$cfgTimeOut)
         // without timeout
         $usenet_handle = fsockopen($cfgServer, $cfgPort);
      else
         // with timeout
         $usenet_handle = fsockopen($cfgServer, $cfgPort, &$errno, &$errstr, $cfgTimeOut);

      if(!$usenet_handle) {
          echo "Connection failed.\n";
          exit();
      }
      else {
          echo "Connected.\n";
          $tmp = fgets($usenet_handle, 1024);
      }

?>
与服务器对话

现在我们已经连接到了服务器,可以通过前面打开的socket同服务器对话了。比如说我们要从某个新闻组得到最近的10篇文章。RFC977指出,第一步要用GROUP命令选择正确的新闻组:
GROUP ggg
参数ggg是要选择的新闻组的名字(比如说是"net.news"),这是必需的。可用的新闻组的列表可以用LIST命令得到。选择新闻组的命令成功后,返回组中第一篇和最后一篇文章的文章编号,以及组中文章的数目。
   

下面是一个例子:
    chrome:~$ telnet my.news.host 119
    Trying aa.bb.cc.dd...
    Connected to my.news.host.
    Escape character is '^]'.
    200 my.news.host InterNetNews NNRP server INN 2.2.2 13-Dec-1999 ready (posting ok).
    GROUP alt.test
    211 232 222996 223235 alt.test
    quit
    205 .

    接收到命令 GROUP alt.test 后,服务器返回"211 232 222996 223235 alt.test". 211是RFC中定义的返回码,指示命令已成功执行。返回信息还指出,现在有232篇文章,最早的文章的编号是222996,最新的文章的编号是223235。我们看到,222996+232并不等于223235。丢失的7篇文章因为某种原因被从服务器删除了,可能是因为被它的合法作者取消了(这是可能的,而且很容易做到),或者因为是灌水文章而被删。
   

需要注意的事,有些服务器在选择新闻组之前可能要求身份认证,这取决于这是一个公共的或者是私用的服务器。也有可能服务器允许任何人读取文章,但发表文章需要身份验证。

   
      //$cfgUser    = "xxxxxx";
      //$cfgPasswd  = "yyyyyy";
      $cfgNewsGroup = "alt.php";

      //identification required on private server
      if($cfgUser) {
          fputs($usenet_handle, "AUTHINFO USER ".$cfgUser."n");
          $tmp = fgets($usenet_handle, 1024);
          fputs($usenet_handle, "AUTHINFO PASS ".$cfgPasswd."n");
          $tmp = fgets($usenet_handle, 1024);

          //check error

          if($tmp != "281 Okrn") {
              echo "502 Authentication errorn";
              exit();
          }
  }

  //select newsgroup

  fput($usenet_handle, "GROUP ".$cfgNewsGroup."n");
  $tmp = fgets($usenet_handle, 1024);

  if($tmp == "480 Authentication required for commandrn") {
     echo $tmp;
     exit();
  }

  $info = split(" ", $tmp);
  $first= $info[2];
  $last = $info[3];

  printf("First : %sn", $first);
  printf("Last : %lastn", $last);

?>

 

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