search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP management dependency relationship tool Composer's automatic loading (autoload), dependencyautoload_PHP tutorial

PHP管理依赖(dependency)关系工具 Composer的自动加载(autoload),dependencyautoload

举例来说,假设我们的项目想要使用 monolog 这个日志工具,就需要在composer.json里告诉composer我们需要它:

{
 "require": {
  "monolog/monolog": "1.*"
 }
}

之后执行:

php composer.phar install

好,现在安装完了,该怎么使用呢?Composer自动生成了一个autoload文件,你只需要引用它

require '/path/to/vendor/autoload.php';

然后就可以非常方便的去使用第三方的类库了,是不是感觉很棒啊!对于我们需要的monolog,就可以这样用了:

use Monolog\Logger;
use Monolog\Handler\StreamHandler;
// create a log channel
$log = new Logger('name');
$log->pushHandler(new StreamHandler('/path/to/log/log_name.log', Logger::WARNING));
// add records to the log
$log->addWarning('Foo');
$log->addError('Bar');

在这个过程中,Composer做了什么呢?它生成了一个autoloader,再根据各个包自己的autoload配置,从而帮我们进行自动加载的工作。(如果对autoload这部分内容不太了解,可以看我之前的 一篇文章
)接下来让我们看看Composer是怎么做的吧。

对于第三方包的自动加载,Composer提供了四种方式的支持,分别是 PSR-0和PSR-4的自动加载(我的一篇文章也有介绍过它们),生成class-map,和直接包含files的方式。

PSR-4是composer推荐使用的一种方式,因为它更易使用并能带来更简洁的目录结构。在composer.json里是这样进行配置的:

{
  "autoload": {
    "psr-4": {
      "Foo\\": "src/",
    }
  }
}

key和value就定义出了namespace以及到相应path的映射。按照PSR-4的规则,当试图自动加载 "Foo\\Bar\\Baz" 这个class时,会去寻找 "src/Bar/Baz.php" 这个文件,如果它存在则进行加载。注意, "Foo\\"
并没有出现在文件路径中,这是与PSR-0不同的一点,如果PSR-0有此配置,那么会去寻找

"src/Foo/Bar/Baz.php"

这个文件。

另外注意PSR-4和PSR-0的配置里,"Foo\\"结尾的命名空间分隔符必须加上并且进行转义,以防出现"Foo"匹配到了"FooBar"这样的意外发生。

在composer安装或更新完之后,psr-4的配置换被转换成namespace为key,dir path为value的Map的形式,并写入生成的 vendor/composer/autoload_psr4.php 文件之中。

{
  "autoload": {
    "psr-0": {
      "Foo\\": "src/",
    }
  }
}

最终这个配置也以Map的形式写入生成的

vendor/composer/autoload_namespaces.php

文件之中。

Class-map方式,则是通过配置指定的目录或文件,然后在Composer安装或更新时,它会扫描指定目录下以.php或.inc结尾的文件中的class,生成class到指定file path的映射,并加入新生成的 vendor/composer/autoload_classmap.php 文件中,。

{
  "autoload": {
    "classmap": ["src/", "lib/", "Something.php"]
  }
}

例如src/下有一个BaseController类,那么在autoload_classmap.php文件中,就会生成这样的配置:

'BaseController' => $baseDir . '/src/BaseController.php'

Files方式,就是手动指定供直接加载的文件。比如说我们有一系列全局的helper functions,可以放到一个helper文件里然后直接进行加载

{
  "autoload": {
    "files": ["src/MyLibrary/functions.php"]
  }
}

它会生成一个array,包含这些配置中指定的files,再写入新生成的

vendor/composer/autoload_files.php

文件中,以供autoloader直接进行加载。

下面来看看composer autoload的代码吧

<&#63;php
// autoload_real.php @generated by Composer
class ComposerAutoloaderInit73612b48e6c3d0de8d56e03dece61d11
{
  private static $loader;
  public static function loadClassLoader($class)
  {
 if ('Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader' === $class) {
   require __DIR__ . '/ClassLoader.php';
 }
  }
  public static function getLoader()
  {
 if (null !== self::$loader) {
   return self::$loader;
 }
 spl_autoload_register(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit73612b48e6c3d0de8d56e03dece61d11', 'loadClassLoader'), true, true);
 self::$loader = $loader = new \Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader();
 spl_autoload_unregister(array('ComposerAutoloaderInit73612b48e6c3d0de8d56e03dece61d11', 'loadClassLoader'));
 $vendorDir = dirname(__DIR__); //verdor第三方类库提供者目录
 $baseDir = dirname($vendorDir); //整个应用的目录
 $includePaths = require __DIR__ . '/include_paths.php';
 array_push($includePaths, get_include_path());
 set_include_path(join(PATH_SEPARATOR, $includePaths));
 $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_namespaces.php';
 foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
   $loader->set($namespace, $path);
 }
 $map = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_psr4.php';
 foreach ($map as $namespace => $path) {
   $loader->setPsr4($namespace, $path);
 }
 $classMap = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_classmap.php';
 if ($classMap) {
   $loader->addClassMap($classMap);
 }
 $loader->register(true);
 $includeFiles = require __DIR__ . '/autoload_files.php';
 foreach ($includeFiles as $file) {
   composerRequire73612b48e6c3d0de8d56e03dece61d11($file);
 }
 return $loader;
  }
}
function composerRequire73612b48e6c3d0de8d56e03dece61d11($file)
{
  require $file;
}

首先初始化ClassLoader类,然后依次用上面提到的4种加载方式来注册/直接加载,ClassLoader的一些核心代码如下:

/**
  * @param array $classMap Class to filename map
  */
 public function addClassMap(array $classMap)
 {
  if ($this->classMap) {
   $this->classMap = array_merge($this->classMap, $classMap);
  } else {
   $this->classMap = $classMap;
  }
 }
 /**
  * Registers a set of PSR-0 directories for a given prefix,
  * replacing any others previously set for this prefix.
  *
  * @param string  $prefix The prefix
  * @param array|string $paths The PSR-0 base directories
  */
 public function set($prefix, $paths)
 {
  if (!$prefix) {
   $this->fallbackDirsPsr0 = (array) $paths;
  } else {
   $this->prefixesPsr0[$prefix[0]][$prefix] = (array) $paths;
  }
 }
 /**
  * Registers a set of PSR-4 directories for a given namespace,
  * replacing any others previously set for this namespace.
  *
  * @param string  $prefix The prefix/namespace, with trailing '\\'
  * @param array|string $paths The PSR-4 base directories
  *
  * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
  */
 public function setPsr4($prefix, $paths)
 {
  if (!$prefix) {
   $this->fallbackDirsPsr4 = (array) $paths;
  } else {
   $length = strlen($prefix);
   if ('\\' !== $prefix[$length - 1]) {
    throw new \InvalidArgumentException("A non-empty PSR-4 prefix must end with a namespace separator.");
   }
   $this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$prefix[0]][$prefix] = $length;
   $this->prefixDirsPsr4[$prefix] = (array) $paths;
  }
 }
 /**
  * Registers this instance as an autoloader.
  *
  * @param bool $prepend Whether to prepend the autoloader or not
  */
 public function register($prepend = false)
 {
  spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'loadClass'), true, $prepend);
 }
 /**
  * Loads the given class or interface.
  *
  * @param string $class The name of the class
  * @return bool|null True if loaded, null otherwise
  */
 public function loadClass($class)
 {
  if ($file = $this->findFile($class)) {
   includeFile($file);
   return true;
  }
 }
 /**
  * Finds the path to the file where the class is defined.
  *
  * @param string $class The name of the class
  *
  * @return string|false The path if found, false otherwise
  */
 public function findFile($class)
 {
  //这是PHP5.3.0 - 5.3.2的一个bug 详见https://bugs.php.net/50731
  if ('\\' == $class[0]) {
   $class = substr($class, 1);
  }
  // class map 方式的查找
  if (isset($this->classMap[$class])) {
   return $this->classMap[$class];
  }
  //psr-0/4方式的查找
  $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.php');
  // Search for Hack files if we are running on HHVM
  if ($file === null && defined('HHVM_VERSION')) {
   $file = $this->findFileWithExtension($class, '.hh');
  }
  if ($file === null) {
   // Remember that this class does not exist.
   return $this->classMap[$class] = false;
  }
  return $file;
 }
 private function findFileWithExtension($class, $ext)
 {
  // PSR-4 lookup
  $logicalPathPsr4 = strtr($class, '\\', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
  $first = $class[0];
  if (isset($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first])) {
   foreach ($this->prefixLengthsPsr4[$first] as $prefix => $length) {
    if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
     foreach ($this->prefixDirsPsr4[$prefix] as $dir) {
      if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . substr($logicalPathPsr4, $length))) {
       return $file;
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }
  // PSR-4 fallback dirs
  foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr4 as $dir) {
   if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr4)) {
    return $file;
   }
  }
  // PSR-0 lookup
  if (false !== $pos = strrpos($class, '\\')) {
   // namespaced class name
   $logicalPathPsr0 = substr($logicalPathPsr4, 0, $pos + 1)
    . strtr(substr($logicalPathPsr4, $pos + 1), '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
  } else {
   // PEAR-like class name
   $logicalPathPsr0 = strtr($class, '_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . $ext;
  }
  if (isset($this->prefixesPsr0[$first])) {
   foreach ($this->prefixesPsr0[$first] as $prefix => $dirs) {
    if (0 === strpos($class, $prefix)) {
     foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
      if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
       return $file;
      }
     }
    }
   }
  }
  // PSR-0 fallback dirs
  foreach ($this->fallbackDirsPsr0 as $dir) {
   if (file_exists($file = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $logicalPathPsr0)) {
    return $file;
   }
  }
  // PSR-0 include paths.
  if ($this->useIncludePath && $file = stream_resolve_include_path($logicalPathPsr0)) {
   return $file;
  }
 }

/**
 * Scope isolated include.
 *
 * Prevents access to $this/self from included files.
 */
function includeFile($file)
{
 include $file;
}

php 为何自动加载可以等同于上面的一群require?

凉良说得对。用autoload
用法相当简单,唯一的条件你的class名字必须跟目录名对称。
可以看例子
如果log.php在class的目录里面,里面的class名就应该这样取: class_log
class class_log { }
?>

之后呢就在要include的地方加上这个function
可以看例子

function __autoload($class) {
$path_array = explode('_', $class); ///把class和log分开成array

$path = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $path_array); /// 把array用/重新连在一起

include $path.'.php'; 最后直接include就行了。

}

$log = new class_log();
?>

根据这个方法应该行得通。
 

PHP 自动加载对象 __autoload

It seems that’s not how it is used!
The __autoload function will automatically call __autoload only when new ClassName and class ClassName does not exist. One parameter of this function is the class name. Then define in this function the execution code to find the class and include it.
Reference: www.oscodes.net

www.bkjia.comtruehttp: //www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/865616.htmlTechArticleThe automatic loading (autoload) of the PHP management dependency relationship tool Composer, dependencyautoload For example, suppose our If a project wants to use the monolog logging tool, it needs to...
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Optimize PHP Code: Reducing Memory Usage & Execution TimeOptimize PHP Code: Reducing Memory Usage & Execution TimeMay 10, 2025 am 12:04 AM

TooptimizePHPcodeforreducedmemoryusageandexecutiontime,followthesesteps:1)Usereferencesinsteadofcopyinglargedatastructurestoreducememoryconsumption.2)LeveragePHP'sbuilt-infunctionslikearray_mapforfasterexecution.3)Implementcachingmechanisms,suchasAPC

PHP Email: Step-by-Step Sending GuidePHP Email: Step-by-Step Sending GuideMay 09, 2025 am 12:14 AM

PHPisusedforsendingemailsduetoitsintegrationwithservermailservicesandexternalSMTPproviders,automatingnotificationsandmarketingcampaigns.1)SetupyourPHPenvironmentwithawebserverandPHP,ensuringthemailfunctionisenabled.2)UseabasicscriptwithPHP'smailfunct

How to Send Email via PHP: Examples & CodeHow to Send Email via PHP: Examples & CodeMay 09, 2025 am 12:13 AM

The best way to send emails is to use the PHPMailer library. 1) Using the mail() function is simple but unreliable, which may cause emails to enter spam or cannot be delivered. 2) PHPMailer provides better control and reliability, and supports HTML mail, attachments and SMTP authentication. 3) Make sure SMTP settings are configured correctly and encryption (such as STARTTLS or SSL/TLS) is used to enhance security. 4) For large amounts of emails, consider using a mail queue system to optimize performance.

Advanced PHP Email: Custom Headers & FeaturesAdvanced PHP Email: Custom Headers & FeaturesMay 09, 2025 am 12:13 AM

CustomheadersandadvancedfeaturesinPHPemailenhancefunctionalityandreliability.1)Customheadersaddmetadatafortrackingandcategorization.2)HTMLemailsallowformattingandinteractivity.3)AttachmentscanbesentusinglibrarieslikePHPMailer.4)SMTPauthenticationimpr

Guide to Sending Emails with PHP & SMTPGuide to Sending Emails with PHP & SMTPMay 09, 2025 am 12:06 AM

Sending mail using PHP and SMTP can be achieved through the PHPMailer library. 1) Install and configure PHPMailer, 2) Set SMTP server details, 3) Define the email content, 4) Send emails and handle errors. Use this method to ensure the reliability and security of emails.

What is the best way to send an email using PHP?What is the best way to send an email using PHP?May 08, 2025 am 12:21 AM

ThebestapproachforsendingemailsinPHPisusingthePHPMailerlibraryduetoitsreliability,featurerichness,andeaseofuse.PHPMailersupportsSMTP,providesdetailederrorhandling,allowssendingHTMLandplaintextemails,supportsattachments,andenhancessecurity.Foroptimalu

Best Practices for Dependency Injection in PHPBest Practices for Dependency Injection in PHPMay 08, 2025 am 12:21 AM

The reason for using Dependency Injection (DI) is that it promotes loose coupling, testability, and maintainability of the code. 1) Use constructor to inject dependencies, 2) Avoid using service locators, 3) Use dependency injection containers to manage dependencies, 4) Improve testability through injecting dependencies, 5) Avoid over-injection dependencies, 6) Consider the impact of DI on performance.

PHP performance tuning tips and tricksPHP performance tuning tips and tricksMay 08, 2025 am 12:20 AM

PHPperformancetuningiscrucialbecauseitenhancesspeedandefficiency,whicharevitalforwebapplications.1)CachingwithAPCureducesdatabaseloadandimprovesresponsetimes.2)Optimizingdatabasequeriesbyselectingnecessarycolumnsandusingindexingspeedsupdataretrieval.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux new version

SublimeText3 Linux latest version

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows

This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!