curl可以说是php里一个非常强大的功能,每个php程序员都应该学习并熟悉curl,使用curl前确保你的php_curl扩展已经开启。
一、curl使用
例如:我们采集深圳智联招聘上PHP招聘的第一页信息
$url='http://sou.zhaopin.com/jobs/searchresult.ashx?jl=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3&kw=php&sm=0&p=1';//初始化$ch = curl_init();//设置选项,包括URLcurl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);//不自动输出内容curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);//不返回头部信息//执行curl$output = curl_exec($ch);//错误提示if(curl_exec($ch) === false){ die(curl_error($ch));}//释放curl句柄curl_close($ch);header('Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8');echo $output;
当然我们必须对返回的数据使用>处理,找出我们想要的那一部分,然后根据你的需要把数据填充到你网站里
//职位名称preg_match_all('/<td class="Jobname">.*?<a\s*href="(.*?)"\starget="_blank">(.*?)<\/a>/s', $output, $title);$title[1];//链接$title[2];//标题//公司名称preg_match_all('/<td class="Companyname">.*?<a href="(.*?)"\starget="_blank">(.*?)<\/a>/s', $output, $company);$company[1];//链接$company[2];//名字//工作地点preg_match_all('/<td class="Companyaddress">\s*(.*?)\s*<\/td>/s', $output, $address);$address[1];//地点//发布日期preg_match_all('/<td class="releasetime">\s*(.*?)\s*<\/td>/s', $output, $time);$time[1];//时间var_dump($time[1]);
二、常用功能
curl的核心是通过设置各种选项来达到各种功能,这里我们介绍几种常用的选项。
1.post数据
$post=array('uid'=>'test','pwd'=>'curl123');curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);//设置为POST方式curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query($post));//POST数据
2.cookie
$savefile=dirname(__FILE__).'save.txt';$getfile=dirname(__FILE__).'get.txt';//可以分开使用curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $savefile); //保存 curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $getfile); //读取
3.伪造IP、来路
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, array('X-FORWARDED-FOR:8.8.8.8', 'CLIENT-IP:8.8.8.8'));//构造IP curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_REFERER, "http://www.baidu.com");//构造来路
curl_setopt选项大全,详见PHP手册:http://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.curl-setopt.php
三、多线程
官方示例
// 创建一对cURL资源$ch1 = curl_init();$ch2 = curl_init();// 设置URL和相应的选项curl_setopt($ch1, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.example.com/");curl_setopt($ch1, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);curl_setopt($ch2, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.php.net/");curl_setopt($ch2, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);// 创建批处理cURL句柄$mh = curl_multi_init();// 增加2个句柄curl_multi_add_handle($mh,$ch1);curl_multi_add_handle($mh,$ch2);$running=null;// 执行批处理句柄do { usleep(10000); curl_multi_exec($mh,$running);} while ($running > 0);// 关闭全部句柄curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch1);curl_multi_remove_handle($mh, $ch2);curl_multi_close($mh);

To protect the application from session-related XSS attacks, the following measures are required: 1. Set the HttpOnly and Secure flags to protect the session cookies. 2. Export codes for all user inputs. 3. Implement content security policy (CSP) to limit script sources. Through these policies, session-related XSS attacks can be effectively protected and user data can be ensured.

Methods to optimize PHP session performance include: 1. Delay session start, 2. Use database to store sessions, 3. Compress session data, 4. Manage session life cycle, and 5. Implement session sharing. These strategies can significantly improve the efficiency of applications in high concurrency environments.

Thesession.gc_maxlifetimesettinginPHPdeterminesthelifespanofsessiondata,setinseconds.1)It'sconfiguredinphp.iniorviaini_set().2)Abalanceisneededtoavoidperformanceissuesandunexpectedlogouts.3)PHP'sgarbagecollectionisprobabilistic,influencedbygc_probabi

In PHP, you can use the session_name() function to configure the session name. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Use the session_name() function to set the session name, such as session_name("my_session"). 2. After setting the session name, call session_start() to start the session. Configuring session names can avoid session data conflicts between multiple applications and enhance security, but pay attention to the uniqueness, security, length and setting timing of session names.

The session ID should be regenerated regularly at login, before sensitive operations, and every 30 minutes. 1. Regenerate the session ID when logging in to prevent session fixed attacks. 2. Regenerate before sensitive operations to improve safety. 3. Regular regeneration reduces long-term utilization risks, but the user experience needs to be weighed.

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.


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