‘abc' == 0 return true
因为这是一个数字和一个字符串进行比较,PHP会把字符串转换成数字再进行比较。PHP转换的规则的是:若字符串以数字开头,则取开头数字作为转换结果,若无则输出0。例如:123abc转换后应该是123,而abc则为0,0==0这当然是成立的.具体可以参考官方手册:如果比较一个整数和字符串,则字符串会被转换为整数
null和空、0,三个值的比较
在PHP中,== 会先进行类型转换,再进行对比,而===会先比较类型,如果类型不同直接返回不相等,参考如下示例
$a = null; $b = ''; $c = 0; echo ($a == $b)?1:0; // 输出1 echo ($a === $b)?1:0; // 输出0 echo ($a == $c)?1:0; // 输出1 echo ($a === $c)?1:0; // 输出0 echo ($b == $c)?1:0; // 输出1 echo ($b === $c)?1:0; // 输出0
3.foreach里的引用赋值,参见官方文档
在官方文档里有一句警告:Warning 数组最后一个元素的 $value 引用在 foreach 循环之后仍会保留。建议使用 unset() 来将其销毁。
我们看一组代码:
$a = [1,2,3];foreach($a as &$item){ echo $item . ',';}//unset($item); // 引用赋值后不销毁对象foreach($a as $item){ echo $item . ',';}
上面的代码的输出如下:
1,2,3,1,2,2 看最后一个输出的是2,而不是3,就是因为代码里没有销毁$item造成的,原因如下:
第一个循环,把3的引用赋给了$item,第二个循环,把1赋给了$item,因为$item是引用,导致数组的元素3变成了1,明白了吗?
4. isset与empty的联系和区别
empty对如下8种情况返回true:
null、 空串""、字符串0"0"、空array、布尔值false、数字0、浮点数0.0、类里用var定义但是未赋值 www.stuhack.com
isset 检测变量是否设置,并且不是 NULL,但是对于empty的8种情况,只有null返回false,其它7种情况都返回true
综上所述,除了empty描述的的非null的7种情况,在其它情况下, if(empty(变量)) 等效于 if(!isset(变量))
5. strrchr函数
在W3School站点上的注释如下:
strrchr() 函数查找字符串在另一个字符串中最后一次出现的位置,并返回从该位置到字符串结尾的所有字符。
如果成失败,否则返回 false。
实际上,这个函数是查找某个字符,而不是查找字符串,应该参考官方文档
代码示例:
$a = 'abcdef.txt';$b = '.php';echo strrchr($a, $b);
上面的代码输出是:.txt
也就是说,如果$b是字符串,只使用第一个字符,后面的其它字符会忽略
注:php提供了strstr函数,为什么不提供strrstr函数呢,虽然自己实现也很简单

To protect the application from session-related XSS attacks, the following measures are required: 1. Set the HttpOnly and Secure flags to protect the session cookies. 2. Export codes for all user inputs. 3. Implement content security policy (CSP) to limit script sources. Through these policies, session-related XSS attacks can be effectively protected and user data can be ensured.

Methods to optimize PHP session performance include: 1. Delay session start, 2. Use database to store sessions, 3. Compress session data, 4. Manage session life cycle, and 5. Implement session sharing. These strategies can significantly improve the efficiency of applications in high concurrency environments.

Thesession.gc_maxlifetimesettinginPHPdeterminesthelifespanofsessiondata,setinseconds.1)It'sconfiguredinphp.iniorviaini_set().2)Abalanceisneededtoavoidperformanceissuesandunexpectedlogouts.3)PHP'sgarbagecollectionisprobabilistic,influencedbygc_probabi

In PHP, you can use the session_name() function to configure the session name. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Use the session_name() function to set the session name, such as session_name("my_session"). 2. After setting the session name, call session_start() to start the session. Configuring session names can avoid session data conflicts between multiple applications and enhance security, but pay attention to the uniqueness, security, length and setting timing of session names.

The session ID should be regenerated regularly at login, before sensitive operations, and every 30 minutes. 1. Regenerate the session ID when logging in to prevent session fixed attacks. 2. Regenerate before sensitive operations to improve safety. 3. Regular regeneration reduces long-term utilization risks, but the user experience needs to be weighed.

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.


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