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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp中的坑,你掉进去过几个?

‘abc' == 0 return true

因为这是一个数字和一个字符串进行比较,PHP会把字符串转换成数字再进行比较。PHP转换的规则的是:若字符串以数字开头,则取开头数字作为转换结果,若无则输出0。例如:123abc转换后应该是123,而abc则为0,0==0这当然是成立的.具体可以参考官方手册:如果比较一个整数和字符串,则字符串会被转换为整数

null和空、0,三个值的比较

    在PHP中,== 会先进行类型转换,再进行对比,而===会先比较类型,如果类型不同直接返回不相等,参考如下示例

    $a = null;    $b = '';    $c = 0;    echo ($a == $b)?1:0;    // 输出1    echo ($a === $b)?1:0;   // 输出0    echo ($a == $c)?1:0;    // 输出1    echo ($a === $c)?1:0;   // 输出0    echo ($b == $c)?1:0;    // 输出1    echo ($b === $c)?1:0;   // 输出0

3.foreach里的引用赋值,参见官方文档

在官方文档里有一句警告:Warning 数组最后一个元素的 $value 引用在 foreach 循环之后仍会保留。建议使用 unset() 来将其销毁。

我们看一组代码:

$a = [1,2,3];foreach($a as &$item){    echo $item . ',';}//unset($item); // 引用赋值后不销毁对象foreach($a as $item){    echo $item . ',';}

上面的代码的输出如下:

1,2,3,1,2,2 看最后一个输出的是2,而不是3,就是因为代码里没有销毁$item造成的,原因如下:

第一个循环,把3的引用赋给了$item,第二个循环,把1赋给了$item,因为$item是引用,导致数组的元素3变成了1,明白了吗?

4. isset与empty的联系和区别

empty对如下8种情况返回true:

null、 空串""、字符串0"0"、空array、布尔值false、数字0、浮点数0.0、类里用var定义但是未赋值 www.stuhack.com

isset 检测变量是否设置,并且不是 NULL,但是对于empty的8种情况,只有null返回false,其它7种情况都返回true

综上所述,除了empty描述的的非null的7种情况,在其它情况下, if(empty(变量)) 等效于 if(!isset(变量))

5. strrchr函数

在W3School站点上的注释如下:

strrchr() 函数查找字符串在另一个字符串中最后一次出现的位置,并返回从该位置到字符串结尾的所有字符。

如果成失败,否则返回 false。

实际上,这个函数是查找某个字符,而不是查找字符串,应该参考官方文档

代码示例:

$a = 'abcdef.txt';$b = '.php';echo strrchr($a, $b);

上面的代码输出是:.txt

也就是说,如果$b是字符串,只使用第一个字符,后面的其它字符会忽略

注:php提供了strstr函数,为什么不提供strrstr函数呢,虽然自己实现也很简单


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