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最近接触了一下PHP.发现入门倒还蛮容易的,毕竟和C++很像.但是入门的内容无非是一些最简单的基础,真正的难点在于PHP的很多拓展.

这几天概要的学习了一下PHPExcel,之所以说自己是概要的学习,是因为主要是以看网上的例子作为学习的主线,结合官方pdf文档.

下面就简要的对于近期的学习做一个小结.

1. 结构:

PHPExcel的构建具有很清晰的结构.明确了这个点,对于接下来的学习至关重要.

工作簿: 官方文档中叫workbook.对应PHPExcel中的PHPExcel类.

工作表: worksheet , 对应PHPExcel中的sheet表格,具体类名我没有看,可以通过getSheet获取到.

单元格: Cell .存储数据的最小单元.

以上的这三个概念是从上到下的包含关系,工作簿包含工作表,工作表包含单元格.

当然还有另外两个重要的抽象概念: 读和写.

在PHPExcel中,读写这两个动作被抽象成了类.这个用法还是很方便的.当我们需要读一个表格的时候,我们使用reader类的对象加载文件.当我们需要写的时候,只要再用writer类打开对象即可.


2. 类与方法.

PHPExcel里面的类有很多.我最近用到的没有几个.简单列举一下:

PHPExcel

PHPExcel_Writer

PHPExcel_Reader

PHPExcel_IOFactory  (这就是传说中的工厂设计模式,根据调用的方法,来构造出writer类的对象或者reader类的对象.)

PHPExcel的方法我目前接触到的如下:

PHPExcel_IOFactory::load   加载excel文件.默认调用了reader类的方法,返回的是PHPExcel类的对象.

PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter(PHPExcel, "Excel5")   这里用来创建一个已经存在的PHPExcel类的对象的写类,后面的参数用来指定excel的后缀.常用的还有Excel007.

PHPExcel->getActiveSheet   获取当前默认激活着的表格.

PHPExcel->getSheet(index)   根据index获取sheet

PHPExcel->removeSheetByIndex   根据index删除sheet表格.

PHPExcel->addSheet()   添加一个新的sheet表格

PHPExcel->addExternalSheet()   添加一个外部表格,说到这个方法,就要提到另外一个关键字,clone.这个关键字可以克隆出一个表格的复制品.

Sheet->getCellByColumnAndRow()   注意PHPExcel中,column的下标是从0计算的,而row的下标是从1开始计算的.

Sheet->getHighestRow()   获取当前表格的最大行数

Sheet->getHighestColumn()   获取当前表格的最大列数

PHPExcel_Cell::columnIndexFromString()    当前的列数获取到以后,这个列是以字母的形式存在的,用起来很不方便,所以就有了这个函数,他可以把字母的列转成数字.

Sheet->getCell(A1)   它的参数类似这个样子.同样可以获取一个Cell的内容.

Sheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(column, row, value)   给column和row指代的cell更新值为value

Sheet->getRowIterator()   获取当前行的迭代器

Sheet->insertNewRowBefore($currentRow, $rownum)   在当前行的前面插入$rownum个行.

PHPExcel_Cell->setValue()   为当前的Cell设置一个值.


需要留意的是,PHPExcel并不仅仅只能输出Excel文件,还可以输出PDF,html文件等.这个我没有了解过.不做讨论.

下面是我自己设计实现的一个小例子.电话簿管理系统.支持查找插入删除.当然并没有严格的限制一些方面.实现的只是基本的功能.不过相信可以帮助同学们理解PHPExcel.

excel表格式如下:

名字      号码            备注

phone.php负责查找和插入:

<title>  号码管理系统</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><center>  <h1 id="号码管理系统-h">号码管理系统<h1></h1>
</h1>
</center><h4 id="注意如果需要插入操作-需要姓名和号码都不为空">  注意如果需要插入操作,需要姓名和号码都不为空</h4>
">
姓名 :
号码 :
备注 :
     

getActiveSheet();//获取行数和列数$data_phone = array(array());$row_phone = $sheet->getHighestRow();$column_str = $sheet->getHighestColumn();$column_phone = PHPExcel_Cell::columnIndexFromString($column_str);//建立一个表格用来打印电话号码和用户名function table(){ echo "

"; echo ""; echo ""; echo ""; echo "";}//用来打印有色字体function font($str, $color){ echo ""; echo $str; echo ""; echo "";}//判断如果是查找if (!empty($_POST["search"])){ for ($i = 1; $i getCellByColumnAndRow($j, $i)->getValue(); } }// var_dump($data_phone); table(); for ($i = 1; $i "; echo ""; echo ""; echo ""; } } //号码匹配 else if (!empty($_POST["number"])) { if (0 != substr_count($phone_item, $_POST["number"])) { echo ""; echo ""; echo ""; echo ""; } } } echo "
姓名号码
".$data_phone[$i][0]."".$data_phone[$i][1]."
".$data_phone[$i][0]."".$data_phone[$i][1]."
";}//如果是插入操作else if (!empty($_POST["insert"])){ if (!empty($_POST["name"]) && !empty($_POST["num"])) { $had = FALSE; $name; $num; //确保将要插入的条目当前系统中不存在 for ($i = 2; $i getCellByColumnAndRow(0, $i)->getValue(); $num = $sheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(1, $i)->getValue(); if (strcmp($_POST["name"], $name) == 0 && strcmp($_POST["num"], $num) == 0) { $had = TRUE; break; } } table(); //如果不存在,则插入 if (FALSE== $had) { font("插入成功", "green"); $sheet->insertNewRowBefore($row_phone + 1, 1); $sheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(0, $row_phone + 1, $_POST["name"]); $sheet->setCellValueByColumnAndRow(1, $row_phone + 1, $_POST["num"]); //此处纠结了好久,原来就只是用writer把当前对象加载一下,就可以保存了. $phpwriter = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($phpexcel, "Excel5"); $phpwriter->save($filename); echo ""; echo "".$_POST["name"].""; echo "".$_POST["num"].""; echo ""; } //如果存在,则不执行任何动作 else { font("插入失败,条目已存在", "red"); echo ""; echo "".$name.""; echo "".$num.""; echo ""; } echo ""; }}//删除操作else if (!empty($_POST["delete"])){ $had = FALSE; if (!empty($_POST["name"]) && !empty($_POST["num"])) { for ($i = 2; $i getCellByColumnAndRow(0, $i)->getValue(); $num = $sheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(1, $i)->getValue(); if (strcmp($name, $_POST["name"]) == 0 && strcmp($num, $_POST["num"]) ==0) { $sheet->removeRow($i, 1); $objWriter = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($phpexcel, "Excel5"); $objWriter->save($filename); $had = TRUE; } } } //加入用户名和号码有一个是空的,则执行这个分支 if ($had == FALSE) { font("请输入正确的姓名和号码", "red"); font("如果不确定,可以通过查找先定位", "red"); font("即将跳转到删除页面,请稍后...", "green"); //延迟3秒显示上面的信息,然后跳转到删除页面 header("Refresh:3;url=del.php"); } else { font("用户删除成功", "green"); }}?>

如果当前页面的删除操作不满足输入条件,则跳转到专门的删除页面del.php, 代码如下:

<title>号码删除页面</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf8">
" >getActiveSheet();$row_phone = $sheet->getHighestRow();$column = $sheet->getHighestColumn();$column_phone = PHPExcel_Cell::columnIndexFromString($column);for ($i = 2; $i getCellByColumnAndRow(0, $i)->getValue(); $num = $sheet->getCellByColumnAndRow(1, $i)->getValue(); //将每一条电话信息用checkbox的方式列出来 if (!empty($name) || !empty($num)) { echo '
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