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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialComposer PHP依赖管理的新时代

对于现代语言而言,包管理器基本上是标配。Java有Maven,Python有pip,Ruby有gem,Nodejs有npm。PHP的则是PEAR,不过PEAR坑不少:

依赖处理容易出问题

配置非常复杂

难用的命令行接口

好在我们有Composer,PHP依赖管理的利器。它是开源的,使用起来也很简单,提交自己的包也很容易。

安装Composer

Composer需要PHP 5.3.2+才能运行。

$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php

这个命令会将composer.phar下载到当前目录。PHAR(PHP 压缩包)是一个压缩格式,可以在命令行下直接运行。

你可以使用--install-dir选项将Composer安装到指定的目录,例如:

$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=bin

当然也可以进行全局安装:

$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php$ mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

在Mac OS X下也可以使用homebrew安装:

brew tap josegonzalez/homebrew-phpbrew install josegonzalez/php/composer

不过通常情况下只需将composer.phar的位置加入到PATH就可以,不一定要全局安装。

声明依赖

在项目目录下创建一个composer.json文件,指明依赖,比如,你的项目依赖 monolog:

{    "require": {        "monolog/monolog": "1.2.*"}}

安装依赖

安装依赖非常简单,只需在项目目录下运行:

composer install

如果没有全局安装的话,则运行:

php composer.phar install

自动加载

Composer提供了自动加载的特性,只需在你的代码的初始化部分中加入下面一行:

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

模块仓库

packagist.org是Composer的仓库,很多著名的PHP库都能在其中找到。你也可以提交你自己的作品。

高级特性

以上介绍了Composer 的基本用法。Composer还有一些高级特性,虽然不是必需的,但是往往能给PHP开发带来方便。

项目主页

更多信息请访问 Composer 的主页。

国内镜像

http://pkg.phpcomposer.com/




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