对于现代语言而言,包管理器基本上是标配。Java有Maven,Python有pip,Ruby有gem,Nodejs有npm。PHP的则是PEAR,不过PEAR坑不少:
依赖处理容易出问题
配置非常复杂
难用的命令行接口
好在我们有Composer,PHP依赖管理的利器。它是开源的,使用起来也很简单,提交自己的包也很容易。
安装Composer
Composer需要PHP 5.3.2+才能运行。
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
这个命令会将composer.phar下载到当前目录。PHAR(PHP 压缩包)是一个压缩格式,可以在命令行下直接运行。
你可以使用--install-dir选项将Composer安装到指定的目录,例如:
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php -- --install-dir=bin
当然也可以进行全局安装:
$ curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php$ mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
在Mac OS X下也可以使用homebrew安装:
brew tap josegonzalez/homebrew-phpbrew install josegonzalez/php/composer
不过通常情况下只需将composer.phar的位置加入到PATH就可以,不一定要全局安装。
声明依赖
在项目目录下创建一个composer.json文件,指明依赖,比如,你的项目依赖 monolog:
{ "require": { "monolog/monolog": "1.2.*"}}
安装依赖
安装依赖非常简单,只需在项目目录下运行:
composer install
如果没有全局安装的话,则运行:
php composer.phar install
自动加载
Composer提供了自动加载的特性,只需在你的代码的初始化部分中加入下面一行:
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
模块仓库
packagist.org是Composer的仓库,很多著名的PHP库都能在其中找到。你也可以提交你自己的作品。
高级特性
以上介绍了Composer 的基本用法。Composer还有一些高级特性,虽然不是必需的,但是往往能给PHP开发带来方便。
项目主页
更多信息请访问 Composer 的主页。
国内镜像
http://pkg.phpcomposer.com/

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