用户登录之cookie信息安全细节
大家都知道用户登陆后,用户信息一般会选择保存在cookie里面,因为cookie是保存客户端,
并且cookie可以在客户端用浏览器自由更改,这样将会造成用户cookie存在伪造的危险,从而可能使伪造cookie者登录任意用户的账户。
下面就说说平常一些防止用户登录cookie信息安全的方法:
一、cookie信息加密法
cookie信息加密法即用一种加密方法,加密用户信息,然后在存入cookie,这样伪造者即使得到cookie也只能在cookie有效期内对这个cookie利用,无法另外伪造cookie信息。
这里附上一个加密函数:
function authcode($string, $operation = 'DECODE', $key = '', $expiry = 0) { // 动态密匙长度,相同的明文会生成不同密文就是依靠动态密匙 $ckey_length = 4; // 密匙 $key = md5($key ? $key : $GLOBALS['discuz_auth_key']); // 密匙a会参与加解密 $keya = md5(substr($key, 0, 16)); // 密匙b会用来做数据完整性验证 $keyb = md5(substr($key, 16, 16)); // 密匙c用于变化生成的密文 $keyc = $ckey_length ? ($operation == 'DECODE' ? substr($string, 0, $ckey_length): substr(md5(microtime()), -$ckey_length)) : ''; // 参与运算的密匙 $cryptkey = $keya.md5($keya.$keyc); $key_length = strlen($cryptkey); // 明文,前10位用来保存时间戳,解密时验证数据有效性,10到26位用来保存$keyb(密匙b), //解密时会通过这个密匙验证数据完整性 // 如果是解码的话,会从第$ckey_length位开始,因为密文前$ckey_length位保存 动态密匙,以保证解密正确 $string = $operation == 'DECODE' ? base64_decode(substr($string, $ckey_length)) : sprintf('%010d', $expiry ? $expiry + time() : 0).substr(md5($string.$keyb), 0, 16).$string; $string_length = strlen($string); $result = ''; $box = range(0, 255); $rndkey = array(); // 产生密匙簿 for($i = 0; $i 0) && substr($result, 10, 16) == substr(md5(substr($result, 26).$keyb), 0, 16)) { return substr($result, 26); } else { return ''; } } else { // 把动态密匙保存在密文里,这也是为什么同样的明文,生产不同密文后能解密的原因 // 因为加密后的密文可能是一些特殊字符,复制过程可能会丢失,所以用base64编码 return $keyc.str_replace('=', '', base64_encode($result)); } } $str = 'abcdef'; $key = 'www.scutephp.com'; echo $jm = authcode($str,'ENCODE',$key,0); //加密 echo " "; echo authcode($jm ,'DECODE',$key,0); //解密
这样当设置用户信息的cookie时,就无法对其进行伪造:
$user = array("uid"=-->$uid,"username"=>$username); $user = base64_encode(serialize($user)); $user = authcode($user,'ENCODE','www.phpskill.com',0); //加密 setcookie("user",$user,time()+3600*24);
二、用加密令牌对cookie进行保护
$hash = md5($uid.time());//加密令牌值 $hash_expire =time()+3600*24;//加密令牌值为一天有效期 $user = array("uid"=>$uid,"username"=>$username,"hash"=>$hash); $user = base64_encode(serialize($user)); setcookie("user",$user,$hash_expr); 然后把$hash和$hash_expire 存入member表中hash和hash_expire对应字段中,也可以存入nosql,session 用户伪造cookie时,hash无法伪造,伪造的hash和数据库中的不一致 用户每次登陆,这个hash_expire有效期内不更新hash值,过期则更新

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