Home > Article > Backend Development > 使用 PHP 7 给 Web 应用加速
使用 PHP 7 给 Web 应用加速
- WBOYOriginal
- 2016-06-20 12:44:131096browse
##PHP 20周年了！？？**PHP 首发通告，1995年6月8日****发布于 COMP.INFOSYSTEMS.WWW.AUTHORING.CGI** 主题：正式宣布：个人主页工具（Personal Home Page Tools） 正式宣布个人主页工具（PHP 工具）1.0 版本 此工具是一组用 C 语言写的轻量的 cgi 二进制文件。他们能运行许多功能，包括： - 在你的私有日志文件记录页面访问情况 - 实时查看日志信息 - 提供查看日志信息的友好接口 - 在你的页面展示最近一次的访问信息 - 完整的每天及总体访问统计 - 依据用户的域名限制其访问 - 依据用户的域名为页面提供密码保护 - 依据用户的电子邮箱地址追踪其访问情况 - 支持追踪引荐 URL 的 HTTP_REFERER - 无需服务器支持即可运行 SSI (server-side includes) - 支持不记录特定域名（比如，你自己的）的访问信息 - 轻易地创建并展示表格 - 支持在后续的文档中使用表格信息 使用该工具，你不需要： - 你不需要访问根目录??工具安装在 ~/public_html 目录 - 你不需要在服务器启用 SSI (server-side includes) - 你不需要使用 Perl 或 Tcl 或其他任何脚本解释器 - 你不需要访问 httpd 日志文件 使用该工具的唯一条件是你能够运行自己的 cgi 程序。如果你不知道这是什么意思，可以询问系统管理员。 借助该工具，你还可以在两分钟内实现留言板，或其他任何用于写入信息并向访客展示的表格。 该工具不受版权限制，遵循 GNU 公共许可证。是的！该工具完全免费！ 查看该工具的完整演示，请访问：http://www.io.org/~rasmus。 -- Rasmus Lerdorf rasmus@io.org http://www.io.org/~rasmus## 用于 Web 应用的 C API void Cos(void) { Stack *s; char temp[64]; s = Pop(); if(!s) { Error("Stack error in cos"); return; } sprintf(temp,"%f",cos(s->douval)); Push(temp,DNUMBER); }###于是乎，你可以这样使用它： <html><head><title>Cos Example</title></head> <body><h1>Cos Example</h1> <?echo Cos($input)> </body></html>##PHP7#####? 引擎提升- 现实世界中的大多数应用程序都能获得 100% 以上的性能提升- 内存使用量更低- 原生线程本地储存#####? 持久的以文件为基础的二级缓存 OPCache``` ; --enable-opcache-file ; php.ini opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp ; php-cli.ini opcache.enable_cli=1 opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp opcache.file_cache_only=1`````` $ time composer >/dev/null real 0m0.040s user 0m0.032s sys 0m0.004s $ time composer >/dev/null real 0m0.019s user 0m0.016s sys 0m0.000s $ time php -d opcache.enable=0 /usr/local/bin/composer >/dev/null real 0m0.033s user 0m0.032s sys 0m0.000s`````` /var/tmp ├── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0 │ └── usr │ └── local │ └── bin │ └── composer.bin └── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0phar: └── usr └── local └── bin └── composer ├── bin │ └── composer.bin ├── src │ ├── bootstrap.php.bin │ └── Composer │ ├── Command │ │ ├── AboutCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ArchiveCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ClearCacheCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── Command.php.bin │ │ ├── ConfigCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── CreateProjectCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DependsCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DiagnoseCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── DumpAutoloadCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── GlobalCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── Helper │ │ │ └── DialogHelper.php.bin │ │ ├── HomeCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── InitCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── InstallCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── LicensesCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RemoveCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RequireCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── RunScriptCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── SearchCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── SelfUpdateCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── ShowCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── StatusCommand.php.bin │ │ ├── UpdateCommand.php.bin │ │ └── ValidateCommand.php.bin │ ├── Composer.php.bin │ ├── Console │ │ └── Application.php.bin │ ├── Factory.php.bin │ ├── IO │ │ ├── BaseIO.php.bin │ │ ├── ConsoleIO.php.bin │ │ └── IOInterface.php.bin │ ├── Package │ │ ├── BasePackage.php.bin │ │ └── PackageInterface.php.bin │ ├── Script │ │ └── ScriptEvents.php.bin │ └── Util │ └── ErrorHandler.php.bin └── vendor ├── autoload.php.bin ├── composer │ ├── autoload_classmap.php.bin │ ├── autoload_namespaces.php.bin │ ├── autoload_psr4.php.bin │ ├── autoload_real.php.bin │ └── ClassLoader.php.bin └── symfony └── console └── Symfony └── Component └── Console ├── Application.php.bin ├── Command │ ├── Command.php.bin │ ├── HelpCommand.php.bin │ └── ListCommand.php.bin ├── Descriptor │ ├── ApplicationDescription.php.bin │ ├── DescriptorInterface.php.bin │ ├── Descriptor.php.bin │ ├── JsonDescriptor.php.bin │ ├── MarkdownDescriptor.php.bin │ ├── TextDescriptor.php.bin │ └── XmlDescriptor.php.bin ├── Formatter │ ├── OutputFormatterInterface.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatter.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatterStyleInterface.php.bin │ ├── OutputFormatterStyle.php.bin │ └── OutputFormatterStyleStack.php.bin ├── Helper │ ├── DebugFormatterHelper.php.bin │ ├── DescriptorHelper.php.bin │ ├── DialogHelper.php.bin │ ├── FormatterHelper.php.bin │ ├── HelperInterface.php.bin │ ├── Helper.php.bin │ ├── HelperSet.php.bin │ ├── InputAwareHelper.php.bin │ ├── ProcessHelper.php.bin │ ├── ProgressHelper.php.bin │ ├── QuestionHelper.php.bin │ ├── TableHelper.php.bin │ ├── Table.php.bin │ └── TableStyle.php.bin ├── Input │ ├── ArgvInput.php.bin │ ├── ArrayInput.php.bin │ ├── InputArgument.php.bin │ ├── InputAwareInterface.php.bin │ ├── InputDefinition.php.bin │ ├── InputInterface.php.bin │ ├── InputOption.php.bin │ └── Input.php.bin └── Output ├── ConsoleOutputInterface.php.bin ├── ConsoleOutput.php.bin ├── NullOutput.php.bin ├── OutputInterface.php.bin ├── Output.php.bin └── StreamOutput.php.bin32 级目录, 87 个文件```#####? 抽象语法树！！``` echo substr("abc", [1,2]);`````` % phan -a test.php AST_STMT_LIST @ 1 0: AST_STMT_LIST @ 2 0: AST_ECHO @ 2 0: AST_CALL @ 2 0: AST_NAME @ 2 flags: NAME_NOT_FQ (1) 0: "substr" 1: AST_ARG_LIST @ 2 0: "abc" 1: AST_ARRAY @ 2 0: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2 flags: 0 0: 1 1: null 1: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2 flags: 0 0: 2 1: null`````` % phan -a test.php test.php:2 TypeError arg#2(start) is int[] but substr() takes int```#####? 返回类型 function get_config(): array { return 42; } get_config(); // 可捕获的致命错误：get_config() 的返回值必须是数组类型，此处返回了整数。#####? 强制标量类型```function logmsg(string $msg, int $level, float $severity) { var_dump($msg); // string(1) "1" var_dump($level); // int(2) var_dump($severity); // float(3)}logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);```#####? 严格标量类型```declare(strict_types=1);logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);``````致命错误：传给 logmsg() 的首个参数必须是字符串类型，此处是整型。```#####? 匿名类```return new class($controller) implements Page { public function __construct($controller) { /* ... */ } /* ... */};class MyObject extends MyStuff { public function getInterface() { return new class implements MyInterface { /* ... */ }; }}```#####? Null 合并操作符```$a = NULL;$b = 1;$c = 2;echo $a ?? $b; // 1echo $c ?? $b; // 2echo $a ?? $b ?? $c; // 1echo $a ?? $x ?? $c; // 2```#####? 飞船操作符 (Spaceship Operator)```|=| Tie Fighterk=k Tie Interceptor<==> Tie Bomber <=> Tie Advanced X1 ?``````function cmp_php5($a, $b) { return ($a < $b) ? -1 : (($a >$b) ? 1 : 0);}function cmp_php7($a, $b) { return $a <=> $b;}```#####? 致命错误中的特例```function call_method($obj) { $obj->method();}call_method(null);// 致命错误：非对象调用了成员函数 method()``````try { call_method(null);} catch (EngineException $e) { echo "Exception: {$e->getMessage()}\n";}// Exception: Call to a member function method() on a non-object//特例：非对象调用了成员函数 method()```#####? 零成本断言```function test($arg) { assert($arg > 20 && $arg < 110, "$arg is invalid");}ini_set('zend.assertions',0); test(16);ini_set('zend.assertions',1); test(17);ini_set('assert.exception',1); test(18);``````Warning: assert(): 17 is invalid failed in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3Fatal error: Uncaught AssertionError: 18 is invalid in /home/rasmus/assert.php:3Stack trace:#0 /home/rasmus/assert.php(3): assert(false, '18 is invalid')#1 /home/rasmus/assert.php(13): test(18)#2 {main} thrown in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3 ``````; Completely skip compiling assert() calls; (can only be set in php.ini)zend.assertions = -1```#####? 新增 Closure::call()```$f = function () { return $this->n;};class MyClass { private $n = 42;}$myC = new MyClass;$c = $f->bindTo($myC, "MyClass");$c();``````$f = function () { return $this->n;};class MyClass { private $n = 42;}$myC = new MyClass;$f->call($myC);```#####? 移除诸多弃用功能 (PHP 4 代码将会崩溃！)```- ext/ereg (use ext/pcre instead)- preg_replace() eval modifier (use preg_replace_callback() instead)- ext/mysql (use ext/mysqli or ext/pdo_mysql instead)- Assignment of new by reference- Scoped calls of non-static methods from incompatible $this context- dl() in php-fpm- set_magic_quotes_runtime() and magic_quotes_runtime()- set_socket_blocking() (use stream_set_blocking() instead)- mcrypt_generic_end() (use mcrypt_generic_deinit() instead)- mcrypt_ecb, mcrypt_cbc, mcrypt_cfb and mcrypt_ofb (use mcrypt_encrypt() and mcrypt_decrypt() instead)- datefmt_set_timezone_id() and IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZoneID() (use datefmt_set_timezone() or IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZone() instead)- xsl.security_prefs (use XsltProcessor::setSecurityPrefs() instead)- iconv.input_encoding, iconv.output_encoding, iconv.internal_encoding, mbstring.http_input, mbstring.http_output and mbstring.internal_encoding (use php.input_encoding, php.internal_encoding and php.output_encoding instead)- $is_dst parameter of the mktime() and gmmktime() functions- # style comments in ini files (use ; style comments instead)- String category names in setlocale() (use LC_* constants instead)- Unsafe curl file uploads (use CurlFile instead)- PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT driver option (use PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES instead)- CN_match and SNI_server_name stream context option (use peer_name instead)```#####? 新的保留字：+ bool+ int+ float+ string+ null+ false+ true+ resource+ object+ mixed+ numeric#####? Windows 系统下支持64位整数#####? 清除边缘情况下整型溢出/下溢、#####? 在64位版本中支持长度大于 2^31 字节的字符串#####? 无效数值型解析错误```$mask = 0855; // 解析错误：无效的数值型```#####? 统一变量语法```// 从左到右$this->$belongs_to['column']// 从右到左$this->{$belongs_to['column']}// 支持缺失的操作组合$foo()['bar']()[$obj1, $obj2][0]->propgetStr(){0} // 支持嵌套的 ::$foo['bar']::$baz$foo::$bar::$baz$foo->bar()::baz() // 支持嵌套的 ()foo()()$foo->bar()()Foo::bar()()$foo()() // 支持对任意(...)表达式的操作(...)['foo'](...)->foo(...)->foo()(...)::$foo(...)::foo()(...)() // 针对上一点，两个更加实用的例子(function() { ... })()($obj->closure)() // 支持对 dereferencable 标量的所有操作// (用处不是很大)"string"->toLower()[$obj, 'method']()'Foo'::$bar``````echo preg_replace('/:-:(.*?):-:/e', '$this->pres->\\1', $text);``````echo preg_replace_callback( '/:-:(.*?):-:/', function($matches) { return $this->pres->$matches[1]; // Oops! }, $text);``````% phan -b display.phpFiles scanned: 1Time: 0.13sClasses: 8Methods: 55Functions: 5Closures: 5Traits: 0Conditionals: 307Issues found: 1display.php:416 CompatError expression may not be PHP 7 compatible``````echo preg_replace_callback( '/:-:(.*?):-:/', function($matches) { return $this->pres->{$matches[1]}; // Ok }, $text);```####? Unicode 码点转义语法```echo "\u{202E}Right-to-left text";echo "\u{1F602}";```>?Right-to-left text?####? ICU IntlChar 类加入 intl 扩展<br>####通用版本预计在2015年10月发布<br>##针对 Wordpress-3.6.0 首页100次请求的耗时与机器指令数量+ zval 的大小从24字节减小到16字节+ 哈希表大小从72字节减小到56字节+ 哈希表 bucket 大小从72字节减小到32字节+ 定长数组优化```$a = [];for($i=0; $i < 100000;$i++) $a[] = ['abc'];echo memory_get_usage(true);// PHP 5.x 43M// PHP 7.0 6M```+ CPU 缓存更大更友好+ 与 jemalloc 相似的内存分配器+ 更快的哈希表迭代 API+ 数组复制优化+ 默认启用 PCRE JIT+ 快速的 ZPP (ZendParseParameters) 执行+ 更快的栈分配 zvals（而不是堆）+ 优化的 VM 调用+ gcc 4.8+ 中的全局寄存器变量+ 加上数百处微优化##运行时编译执行(JIT)？##谎话，弥天大谎，还有基准测试##测试箱规格+ Gigabyte Z87X-UD3H i7-4771 4 cores @ 3.50GHz w/ 16G of Ram @ 1600MHz+ 启用超线程的八个虚拟核+ Toshiba THNSNHH256GBST SSD+ Linux debian 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt9-2 (2015-04-13) x86_64 GNU/Linux+ MySQL 5.6.24+ 如无特别指出，所有测试使用 nginx-1.6.2 + php-fpm + 本地 100Mbps 网络连接+ 对独立机器进行围攻基准测试（siege benchmark）####所有 PHP 版本均在本地使用 gcc-4.9.2 -O2 编译####配置标志```./configure --disable-debug --with-apxs2=/usr/bin/apxs2 \ --enable-zend-signals --with-gd \ --without-pear --with-jpeg-dir=/usr \ --with-png-dir=/usr --with-vpx-dir=/usr \ --with-t1lib=/usr --with-freetype-dir=/usr \ --enable-exif --enable-gd-native-ttf \ --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr \ --with-gmp --with-zlib-dir=/usr \ --with-gettext --with-kerberos \ --with-imap-ssl --with-mcrypt=/usr/local \ --with-iconv --enable-sockets \ --with-openssl --with-pspell \ --with-pdo-sqlite --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --enable-soap --enable-xmlreader \ --enable-phar=shared --with-xsl \ --enable-ftp --enable-cgi \ --with-curl=/usr --with-tidy \ --with-xmlrpc --enable-mbstring \ --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm \ --enable-shmop --with-readline \ --enable-pcntl --enable-fpm \ --enable-intl --enable-zip \ --with-imap --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --enable-calendar --prefix=/usr/local \ --with-mysql-sock=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock \ --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php7/conf.d \ --with-config-file-path=/etc/php7```####php.ini```[PHP]zend.multibyte=Ondate.timezone="America/Los_Angeles"display_startup_errors=Onzend.enable_gc=Offinclude_path="/usr/local/lib/php"default_charset="UTF-8"error_reporting=-1variables_order=GPCSsendmail_path=""max_execution_time=60memory_limit=512Mpost_max_size=1024Mcgi.force_redirect=0cgi.fix_pathinfo=1magic_quotes=0magic_quotes_gpc=0user_ini.filename=realpath_cache_size=2Mcgi.check_shebang_line=0max_input_vars=1000max_file_uploads=50zend_extension=opcache.soopcache.enable=1opcache.memory_consumption=256opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000opcache.revalidate_freq=60opcache.fast_shutdown=1opcache.enable_cli=1```####php-fpm.d/www.conf```[www]user = www-datagroup = www-datalisten = /var/run/php-fpm.socklisten.owner = www-datalisten.group = www-datalisten.mode = 0660pm = staticpm.max_children = 10pm.status_path = /statusping.path = /pingping.response = pong```####nginx.conf```user www-data;worker_processes 4;pid /var/run/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 768;}http { sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; gzip on; gzip_disable "msie6"; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;}```####php.conf```location ~ \.php { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock;}```####hhvm.conf```location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hhvm/server.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;}```####sites-enabled/wordpress```server { listen 80; server_name wordpress; root /var/www/wordpress; access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-error.log; location / { index index.html index.htm index.php; autoindex on; } location ~ /\. { return 403; } include backend.conf;}```####HipHop VM 3.7.0 (rel) from http://dl.hhvm.com/ubuntu#####server.ini```pid = /var/run/hhvm/pidhhvm.server.file_socket = /var/run/hhvm/server.sockhhvm.server.type = fastcgihhvm.server.default_document = index.phphhvm.log.use_log_file = truehhvm.log.file = /var/log/hhvm/error.loghhvm.repo.central.path = /var/run/hhvm/hhvm.hhbc```#####php.ini```session.save_handler = filessession.save_path = /var/lib/php5session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440hhvm.log.level = Warninghhvm.log.always_log_unhandled_exceptions = truehhvm.log.runtime_error_reporting_level = 8191hhvm.mysql.typed_results = false```##Drupal 8-git##Wordpress-4.1.1####http://wordpress/?p=1##GCC 反馈制导优化(Feedback-Directed Optimization, FDO)```$ make clean$ make -j8 prof-gen...$ sapi/cgi/php-cgi -T 1000 /var/www/wordpress/index.php > /dev/null$ make prof-clean$ make -j8 prof-use```##Wordpress-4.1.1####http://wordpress/?p=1##phpBB 3.1.3####http://phpbb/viewforum.php?f=2##MediaWiki 1.24.1####默认首页##Opencart 2.0.2.0####默认安装下的首页##WardrobeCMS 1.2.0####包含一篇短文的首页##Geeklog 2.1.0####默认首页##Magento-1.9.1.1####http://magento/index.php/sale.html (sample data)##Traq 3.5.2####http://traq/test/tickets/1####Had to fix one line of code in the Avalon database library:```diff --git a/database/model.php b/database/model.phpindex 6c5f7da..c93e726 100644--- a/database/model.php+++ b/database/model.php@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ public function __get($var) { $belongs_to['column'] = $var . '_id'; } $model = $belongs_to['model'];- return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->$belongs_to['column']);+ return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->{$belongs_to['column']}); } else { $val = $this->$var;```##Cachet####包含一件事件的首页##Moodle-2.9-dev####点击默认的首页##ZenCart 1.5.4####包含演示数据的首页**[OneAPM for PHP](http://www.oneapm.com/ai/php.html?utm_source=Community&utm_medium=Article&utm_term=php20&utm_campaign=NovArti&from=matefinoun) 能够深入到所有 PHP 应用内部完成[应用性能管理](http://www.oneapm.com/)和监控，包括代码级别性能问题的可见性、性能瓶颈的快速识别与追溯、真实用户体验监控、服务器监控和端到端的应用性能管理。**##帮我们一起测试!##它真的简单易用！##安装 Vagrant 与 Virtualbox之后:```$ git clone https://github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev.git$ cd php7dev$ vagrant up... (takes a bit - it is downloading 1.5G)$ vagrant ssh```它会 NAT, DHCP 并产生固定的地址 192.168.7.7http://192.168.7.7/ 会展示 PHP 7 的 phpinfo() 页面。现在，你的开发环境就部署好啦。切换 PHP 版本比较繁杂：```vagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 56Activating PHP 5.6.6-dev and restarting php-fpmvagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 7 debugActivating PHP 7.0.0-dev and restarting php-fpm```20 个预编译的版本```/usr/local/php53 /usr/local/php54-zts /usr/local/php56-debug-zts/usr/local/php53-debug /usr/local/php55 /usr/local/php56-zts/usr/local/php53-debug-zts /usr/local/php55-debug /usr/local/php70/usr/local/php53-zts /usr/local/php55-debug-zts /usr/local/php70-debug/usr/local/php54 /usr/local/php55-zts /usr/local/php70-debug-zts/usr/local/php54-debug /usr/local/php56 /usr/local/php70-zts/usr/local/php54-debug-zts /usr/local/php56-debug```构建任意版本：```$ makephp 7Build log in /tmp/build.logBuilding PHP 7.0configuring...compiling...installing...doneBuilding PHP 7.0-debugconfiguring...compiling...installing...done```或手动地```$ cd php-src$ git checkout PHP-5.6$ git pull -r$ make distclean$ ./buildconf -f$ ./cn56$ make$ sudo make install```[github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev](https://github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev)请向我们提交 bug！原文链接 http://talks.php.net/taiwan15
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