本文基于Laravel 4.2编写。1. 路由Hello World在app/routes.php里面添加下面代码，然后在浏览器里访问http://<laravel host prefix>/helloworld可以见到结果。 ```Route::get('/helloworld', function() { return '<html><body>hello world</body></html>';});```2. 视图（View）理论上可以把所有代码都写在app/routes.php里面，但是这会令代码难以维护。于是，我们可以把具体的页面内容搬到视图里，让路由文件简短一些。app/routes.php ```Route::get('/helloworld', function() { return View::make('helloworld');});app/views/helloworld.php <html> <body> hello world </body></html>```3. 控制器（Controller） 我们写的是动态网页，页面里有变量，变量通过Controller传入View。app/routes.php（这次我们的路由要先指向Controller，然后再由Controller返回View内容） Route::get('/helloworld', 'HelloworldController@say');app/controllers/HelloworldController.php ```<?phpclass HelloworldController extends BaseController { public function say() { $action = 'hello'; $name = 'kitty'; return View::make('hello.world', compact('action', 'name')); // hello.world表示hello目录里的world.php文件; 我们传入两个变量$action和$name }}```app/views/hello/world.php（这次我们放在一个子目录里，避免views目录文件太多） ```<html> <body> {{$action}} {{$name}} </body></html>```页面将显示“hello kitty”4. 模型（Model）随着业务逻辑的复杂，Controller文件会变长不好维护，那么我们可以把和数据库查询相关的逻辑分到模型层里，甚至可以安排一个擅长数据库表设计和写SQL的人专门负责这一层。app/routes.php ```Route::get('/helloworld', 'HelloworldController@say');app/controllers/HelloworldController.php <?phpclass HelloworldController extends BaseController { public function say() { $name = 'kitty'; $contacts = Contact::getContacts(); return View::make('hello.world', compact('name', 'contacts')); }}```app/models/Contact.php``` <?php// 假设有个表contacts(uid, name, phone)class Contact extends Eloquent { public $timestamps = false; protected $primaryKey = 'uid'; static public function createContact($uid, $name, $phone) { // 这个方法只是演示Model可能有些什么内容，并没有实际调用。 $item = new Contact; $item->uid = $uid; $item->name = $name; $item->phone = $phone; $item->save(); return $item; } // 假设有两行内容:(1, ‘kitty’, ‘800888’), (2, 'dingdong', '900999') static public function getContacts { return DB::table('contacts')->get(); }}```app/views/hello/world.blade.php（由于需要使用循环等超越HTML语法的功能，我们需要使用blade模板语言，文件名里需要添加blade部分） ```<html> <body>@foreach ($contacts as $contact) {{ $contact->name }}’s number is {{ $contact->phone }},@endforeach </body></html>```页面将显示“kitty's number is 800888, dingdong's number is 900999,”模板语言更多语法可参考：https://laravel.com/docs/4.2/templates至此，MVC（Model-View-Controller）的框架进化完成。
PHP vs. Python: Understanding the DifferencesApr 11, 2025 am 12:15 AMPHP and Python each have their own advantages, and the choice should be based on project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, with simple syntax and high execution efficiency. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and rich libraries.
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When would you use a trait versus an abstract class or interface in PHP?Apr 10, 2025 am 09:39 AMIn PHP, trait is suitable for situations where method reuse is required but not suitable for inheritance. 1) Trait allows multiplexing methods in classes to avoid multiple inheritance complexity. 2) When using trait, you need to pay attention to method conflicts, which can be resolved through the alternative and as keywords. 3) Overuse of trait should be avoided and its single responsibility should be maintained to optimize performance and improve code maintainability.
What is a Dependency Injection Container (DIC) and why use one in PHP?Apr 10, 2025 am 09:38 AMDependency Injection Container (DIC) is a tool that manages and provides object dependencies for use in PHP projects. The main benefits of DIC include: 1. Decoupling, making components independent, and the code is easy to maintain and test; 2. Flexibility, easy to replace or modify dependencies; 3. Testability, convenient for injecting mock objects for unit testing.
Explain the SPL SplFixedArray and its performance characteristics compared to regular PHP arrays.Apr 10, 2025 am 09:37 AMSplFixedArray is a fixed-size array in PHP, suitable for scenarios where high performance and low memory usage are required. 1) It needs to specify the size when creating to avoid the overhead caused by dynamic adjustment. 2) Based on C language array, directly operates memory and fast access speed. 3) Suitable for large-scale data processing and memory-sensitive environments, but it needs to be used with caution because its size is fixed.
How does PHP handle file uploads securely?Apr 10, 2025 am 09:37 AMPHP handles file uploads through the $\_FILES variable. The methods to ensure security include: 1. Check upload errors, 2. Verify file type and size, 3. Prevent file overwriting, 4. Move files to a permanent storage location.
What is the Null Coalescing Operator (??) and Null Coalescing Assignment Operator (??=)?Apr 10, 2025 am 09:33 AMIn JavaScript, you can use NullCoalescingOperator(??) and NullCoalescingAssignmentOperator(??=). 1.??Returns the first non-null or non-undefined operand. 2.??= Assign the variable to the value of the right operand, but only if the variable is null or undefined. These operators simplify code logic, improve readability and performance.
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mPDF
mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),
