PHP类和对象等代码说明
1、定义和创建类和对象:
定义类要使用class关键字。例如:class 类名{//属性和方法}
创建对象使用new关键字。例如: $p1 = new 类名;,可以基于一个类创建多个对象。
2、 类属性值
(1) 在类中除了声明属性外,也可以为属性赋值,但是只能以如下几种形式给属性指定常量值:
示例1: public $last_visitor = 'Donnan'; //正确 public $last_visitor = 9; //正确 public $last_visitor = array('Jesse'); //正确 public $last_visitor = pick_visitor(); //错误 public $last_visitor = 'Chris'.'9'; //错误(2)在类中的方法为变量指定一个非常量值: 示例2: class guest_book{ public $last_visitor; public function update($comment, $visitor){ if(!empty($comments)){ array_unshift($this->comments, $comments); $this->last_visitor = $visitor; //在类中的方法为变量指定一个非常量值 } } }(3)在创建对象的过程中为变量指定非常量值,即在类的构造器中进行赋值。 构造器指的是在创建新对象时自动调用的一个方法,而其名字为__construct() 示例3: class guset_book{ public $comments; public $last_visitor; public function __consturct($user){ $dbh = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'site'); $user = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbh, $user); $sql = "select comments, last_visitor from guest_book where user ='$user'"; $r = mysqli_query($dbh, $sql); if($obj = mysqli_fetch_object($dbh, $r)){ $this->comments = $obj->comments; //为变量指定非常量值 $this->last_visitor = $obj->last_visitor; //为变量指定非常量值 } } } $gb = new guest_book('stewart'); //为变量指定非常量值<br>//http://www.cnblogs.com/sosoft/<br>3、继承与覆盖<br>(1) 通过继承来扩展一个现存的类,使用关键字extends:
class 类名 extends 父类名{}(2)覆盖父类方法: 示例4:class DB{ function getResult(){ return $this->result; } function query($sql){ error_log("queryy() must bue overridden by a database-specific child"); return false; }}class MySQL extends DB{ // // MySQL类从父类DB继承了getResult()方法,但是重新实现了自己特定的MySQL方法query() function query($sql){ $this->result = mysql_query($sql); }}(3)在方法名前面前置parent::用以明确地调用一个父类的方法: 示例5:fuction escape($sql){ $safe_sql = mysql_real_escape_string($sql); $safe_sql = parent::escape($safe_sql); // parent method adds '' around $dql; return $safe_sql;}(4)注意:当子类中的方法覆盖了父类中的方法时,除非明确地引用(parent::),否则不会自动调用父类的方法。

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