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PHP类和对象等代码说明

1、定义和创建类和对象:

定义类要使用class关键字。例如:class 类名{//属性和方法}

创建对象使用new关键字。例如: $p1 = new 类名;,可以基于一个类创建多个对象。

 

2、 类属性值

(1) 在类中除了声明属性外,也可以为属性赋值,但是只能以如下几种形式给属性指定常量值:

示例1:    public $last_visitor = 'Donnan';    //正确    public $last_visitor = 9;    //正确    public $last_visitor = array('Jesse');    //正确    public $last_visitor = pick_visitor();    //错误    public $last_visitor = 'Chris'.'9';    //错误(2)在类中的方法为变量指定一个非常量值:    示例2:    class guest_book{        public $last_visitor;        public function update($comment, $visitor){            if(!empty($comments)){                array_unshift($this->comments, $comments);                $this->last_visitor = $visitor;    //在类中的方法为变量指定一个非常量值            }        }    }(3)在创建对象的过程中为变量指定非常量值,即在类的构造器中进行赋值。    构造器指的是在创建新对象时自动调用的一个方法,而其名字为__construct()    示例3:    class guset_book{        public $comments;        public $last_visitor;        public function __consturct($user){            $dbh = mysqli_connect('localhost', 'username', 'password', 'site');            $user = mysqli_real_escape_string($dbh, $user);            $sql = "select comments, last_visitor from guest_book where user ='$user'";            $r = mysqli_query($dbh, $sql);            if($obj = mysqli_fetch_object($dbh, $r)){                $this->comments = $obj->comments;    //为变量指定非常量值                $this->last_visitor = $obj->last_visitor;    //为变量指定非常量值            }        }                }    $gb = new guest_book('stewart');    //为变量指定非常量值<br>//http://www.cnblogs.com/sosoft/<br>3、继承与覆盖<br>(1) 通过继承来扩展一个现存的类,使用关键字extends:
class 类名 extends 父类名{}(2)覆盖父类方法:    示例4:class DB{    function getResult(){        return $this->result;    }    function query($sql){        error_log("queryy() must bue overridden by a database-specific child");        return false;    }}class MySQL extends DB{    // //    MySQL类从父类DB继承了getResult()方法,但是重新实现了自己特定的MySQL方法query()    function query($sql){           $this->result = mysql_query($sql);    }}(3)在方法名前面前置parent::用以明确地调用一个父类的方法:    示例5:fuction escape($sql){    $safe_sql = mysql_real_escape_string($sql);     $safe_sql = parent::escape($safe_sql);    // parent method adds '' around $dql;    return $safe_sql;}(4)注意:当子类中的方法覆盖了父类中的方法时,除非明确地引用(parent::),否则不会自动调用父类的方法。
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