PHP变量标识符的一些规则
PHP变量标识符提供了非常特别的方便。但是,相当多的从事多年的PHP程序员却无法清楚它的具体用法,从而出错时,不知哪里错了。所以,现在总结一下。便于大家快速掌握。
PHP变量的运行机制是,将变量标识符$后的字符串,或表达式运算结果的字符串作为变量名,去变量池获取变量值。
可见,PHP相当于提供了一个变量的“名称指针”。它不同于C++的地址指针,因为,不会有空地址的不安全性。也不会有变量内存溢出的问题。所有这些PHP都给我们完成了。
变量标识符:
$:以后面的字符串为变量名,取同名变量。
?? $a='Hello';
?? $$a = 'world';
{}将其中的表达式解析成字串,并取此字串的变量,{}不能单独在表达式外部存在,否则就会当成流程控制而报错。这就是说, {}前必有$,或者外面必有引号。
echo $a, ${$a}; echo $a, $$a;
二者的区别: $总是寻找后面的第一个字串, {}是将内部的表达式解析为字串。PHP正是用这一方式实现了变量的“名称指针”。
${}:由{}返回字串交给$再处理。用途:对于表达式结果取变量。
?如:${$array[$i][$j]} , 如果使用 $$array[$i][$j]} 则PHP会找 $$array这个变量。而不是找$array[$i][$j]为结果的变量名的变量。
{}在函数中与表达式中
猜猜看:下面程序返回什么:
$a='Hello'; $$a = 'world'; echo '1 ', $a, '{$a}', '</br>'; echo '2 ', $a, "{$a}", '</br>'; echo '3 ', $a, "{{$a}}", '</br>'; echo '4 ', $a, "${$a}", '</br>'; echo '5 ', $a, ${$a}, '</br>'; echo '6 ', $a, "{${$a}}", '</br>'; echo '7 ', $a, "{{${$a}}}", '</br>'; echo '8 ', $a, "$$a", '</br>'; echo '9 ', $a, "{a}", '</br>'; echo '10 ', $a, "${a}", '</br>';
?
结果:
?? echo '1 ', $a, '{$a}', '';
输出是:1 Hello{$a}?
//正常情况下,单引号是非执行字串,按原结果返回。但是:Smarty同样会将其进行解析!!所以, Smarty模板中, ‘{$a}’这样的表达式,仍可能出现的是你不想要的结果!!
假如:str_replace('{$foo} ',$foo, '{$foo}.some');
因为上面的原因:需要改为:
? str_replace(array('{', '$foo',} '),array('',$foo, ''), '{$foo}.some');
?? echo '2 ', $a, "{$a}", '';
输出是: 2 HelloHello
双引号中,无论是否有{},变量总会被解析。
?? echo '3 ', $a, "{{$a}}", '';??
输出是: 3 Hello{Hello}?
//所以,如果要输出带{}的结果,则需要加两层。
?? echo '4 ', $a, "${$a}", '';?
输出是: 4 Helloworld
?? echo '5 ', $a, ${$a}, '';
输出是: 4 Helloworld
// ${$表达式},无论外面是否带双引号,结果都是一样的?
?? echo '6 ', $a, "{${$a}}", '';?
输出是: 6 Helloworld
?? echo '7 ', $a, "{{${$a}}}", '';
输出是: 7 Hello{world}
//要输出带{}的结果,必须多加一层。
echo '8 ', $a, "$$a", '';
输出是: 8 Hello$Hello
//双引号中的$只执行一次。所以,结果就不是你所要的。
附注:{}还可用于数组,即对数组下标访问。即
$array[$i][$j] 与 $array{$i}{$j}是等价的。但正常,由于PHP文档中给出是的[]。而字符串是字节数组,所以,我们只有在用字节数组模式访问字符串时,才使用{}
$a='ux:Cache'; $a{2}=''; echo $a; 这个结果是什么,你知道吗?
echo '9 ', $a, "{a}", '';
输出是:9 Hello{a}
?? echo '10 ', $a, "${a}", '';
输出是:10 HelloHello可以见到, {}外有$, {}也会将结果送给$解析。
总结:
双引号中的$只会解析一次。不会进行多重解析。echo “$$a”,则要改为 echo “${$a}”;
{}遇$成为{$foo}就会被解析。要输出带{}的结果,则要{{$foo}}
$是向后寻找字符串,所以,数组或表达式的结果: 不能
$$array[$i][$j] 而是要 ${$array[$i][$j]}

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