This tutorial demonstrates setting up a reusable development environment using Vagrant, leveraging an Ubuntu 14.04 LTS base box. While the tutorial uses a specific base box, the concepts apply to any Ubuntu-based box.
Key Concepts:
-
Vagrantfile
: The core configuration file (written in Ruby) for your Vagrant environment. It handles variable assignments and all configuration options. - Provisioning: Automates software installation and configuration within the virtual machine (VM). Vagrant supports various methods, including shell scripts, Puppet, Chef, and Ansible.
- Networking: Configures network access to the VM, including port forwarding, private networks, and public networks.
- Synced Folders: Enables seamless file sharing between the host and guest operating systems, preventing data loss if the VM is deleted.
- Shell Script Provisioning: A straightforward method for provisioning, avoiding the need for complex tools like Puppet or Ansible.
Setting up the Vagrantfile
:
Create a vagrant-tutorial
folder and a Vagrantfile
inside it. The Vagrantfile
will contain the environment configuration.
Provisioning:
Vagrant simplifies software installation and configuration, making the process repeatable and automatic. Multiple provisioning methods are available.
Prerequisites:
Before provisioning, configure the Vagrantfile
:
-
Vagrant API Version: Specify the API version:
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # ... rest of the configuration ... end
-
Base Box: Define the base box (e.g.,
primalskill/ubuntu-trusty64
):config.vm.box = "primalskill/ubuntu-trusty64"
-
Network Configuration (Port Forwarding): Forward a port (e.g., guest port 80 to host port 8931):
config.vm.network :forwarded_port, guest: 80, host: 8931, auto_correct: true
-
Synced Folders: Share a project folder (e.g., the current folder to
/var/www
in the VM):config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/var/www", create: true, group: "www-data", owner: "www-data"
-
VirtualBox Specific Configuration: Configure VM settings (name and memory):
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v| v.name = "SitePoint Test Vagrant" v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", "1024"] end
Shell Script Provisioning:
Use a shell script (provision/setup.sh
) for easy provisioning:
config.vm.provision "shell", path: "provision/setup.sh"
The setup.sh
script will contain commands to install software. Example:
#!/bin/bash echo "Provisioning virtual machine..." apt-get update -y > /dev/null apt-get install git nginx -y > /dev/null # ... other installation commands ...
Installing Base Packages (in setup.sh
):
The tutorial details installing Git, Nginx, PHP-FPM, and MySQL, including handling specific configurations and dependencies for PHP and MySQL. The steps involve updating repositories, installing necessary packages, and configuring MySQL using debconf-utils
to automate password setting.
Nginx Configuration:
Create an Nginx virtual host configuration file (provision/config/nginx_vhost
) to serve your project files. The tutorial provides a sample configuration. The setup.sh
script copies this configuration to the correct location and restarts Nginx.
After running vagrant up
, access the application via localhost:8931
.
Conclusion:
This enhanced summary provides a clear, concise overview of the Vagrant tutorial, focusing on the key steps and concepts involved in setting up a development environment using shell script provisioning. The detailed explanations of each step and the inclusion of code snippets make it easier to understand and follow.
The above is the detailed content of Vagrantfile Explained: Setting Up and Provisioning with Shell. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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