Shifting Your Development Environment from Ubuntu to OS X

Guide to Migration of Development Environment from Ubuntu to macOS

Migrating a development environment from Ubuntu to macOS can be complicated because of key differences in software installation methods, terminal commands, and package management. This article will explore these differences and provide practical suggestions for smooth transitions.

Software installation:

Unlike Ubuntu's apt-get or Fedora's yum, macOS does not have a default package manager. The installation of macOS software mainly uses the following three methods: installer, App Store or software official website to download it directly. The installer is usually similar to the Windows installation wizard; the .dmg file is a compressed file, and after decompression, it can be moved to the Applications directory; not all software in the App Store is available, and many common software such as Chrome, Firefox and Sublime Text need to be from the official website. Download and install manually.

Terminal command:

MacOS terminal commands are mostly similar to Linux systems such as Ubuntu, but there are some slight differences specific to the operating system. For cross-platform script development, it is recommended to refer to the guide provided by Apple developers. The common commands such as grep are basically the same. Rosetta Stone's A Sysadmin’s Unixersal Translator website can help you understand the differences in common commands across different operating systems.

Homebrew package manager:

Homebrew is a recommended package manager for macOS. It installs software packages for local users without root permissions and is an excellent alternative to apt-get and yum. Installing Homebrew only requires running one command:

<code class="language-bash">ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"</code>

After installation, run brew update, brew doctor, and brew upgrade to update Homebrew. The way to install packages using Homebrew is similar to other package managers.

Version control:

SourceTree is an excellent Git and Mercurial GUI client on macOS. It comes with its own Git/Mercurial version, but if another version already exists on the system, it will be prompted to choose which version to use when installing it. The command line version control tool needs to be installed separately. Git can download the Mac installation package from the official website, or compile the latest version from the source code.

Coding tools and databases:

The latest version of macOS (such as El Capitan) is pre-installed with Python, Ruby, PHP and Apache 2.4. These tools can also be installed through Homebrew, for example:

<code class="language-bash">brew install php56
brew install python3</code>

MAMP (Mac, Apache, MySQL, PHP) stack provides a convenient development environment similar to Linux LAMP and Windows WAMP.

In terms of database, MySQL, PostgreSQL and MongoDB can all be installed through Homebrew, for example:

<code class="language-bash">ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"</code>

Practical Application:

Some practical applications can improve macOS development efficiency, such as: Caffeine (prevent hibernation), Google Drive/Dropbox (cloud synchronization), MacDropAny (sync any folder to the cloud), SuperDuper (data backup), and Jumpcut (extended clipboard).

Summary:

The development environment migration from Ubuntu to macOS requires careful planning and gradual implementation. While this article introduces the manual migration process, tools such as Vagrant and Docker can help create portable development environments that speed up setting up on new systems.

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