PHP multithreading vs. Node.js event loop?

PHP multi-threading model is suitable for computing-intensive tasks, while the Node.js event loop model is more suitable for I/O-intensive tasks. 1. Multi-threading: It can execute tasks in parallel and improve computing efficiency, but thread management is complicated; 2. Event loop: Single-thread processes events without creating threads, but it cannot fully utilize multi-core CPUs.

Comparison of PHP multi-threading and Node.js event loop

Background

PHP and Node.js are both popular web development languages, but they use different concurrency models. PHP uses multi-threading while Node.js uses an event loop.

Multi-threading

In the multi-threading model, an application can create multiple threads, each thread performing different tasks at the same time. Each thread has its own independent memory space and execution stack.

Event Loop

The event loop is a single-threaded model in which a single thread handles all incoming requests and events. When an event occurs, such as an HTTP request or a file system operation, the event is placed into a queue. The event loop polls this queue and processes these events in turn.

Comparison

Advantages:

• Multi-threading: For computationally intensive tasks, efficiency can be improved because Multiple CPU cores can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
• Node.js event loop: For I/O-intensive tasks, efficiency can be improved because threads do not need to be created for each request.

Disadvantages:

• Multi-threading: Thread management requires synchronization and locking mechanisms, which may lead to complexity and performance issues.
• Node.js event loop: Inability to fully utilize multi-core CPUs because all tasks are executed on the same thread.

Practical case

Multi-threading (PHP):

<?php

use Threaded;

// 创建一个线程队列
$threads = new Threaded();

// 创建线程并添加到队列
for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) {
    $threads[] = new Thread(function () {
        // 模拟长时间运行的任务
        sleep(rand(0, 10));
        echo "Thread {$_GET['thread']} finished.\n";
    });
}

// 启动所有线程
foreach ($threads as $thread) {
    $thread->start();
}

// 等待所有线程完成
foreach ($threads as $thread) {
    $thread->join();
}

// 输出结果
foreach ($threads as $thread) {
    echo $thread->getResult() . "\n";
}

Event loop (Node. js):

const http = require('http');

// 创建 HTTP 服务器
const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
  // 模拟长时间运行的任务
  setTimeout(() => {
    res.end('Thread ' + req.url + ' finished.');
  }, rand(0, 10) * 1000);
});

// 启动服务器
server.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Server listening on port 3000');
});

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