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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialredis - php两种封装类的优缺点?

php很多内置的类或扩展类比较粗糙,需要人为的封装一遍,于是有了两种封装方式,
1直接继承
2内部实例化

如redis类,
可以

<code>namespace lib
class redis extends \Redis {}
</code>

也可以

<code>namespace lib
class redis {
    private $_redis = null;
    public function __construct() {
        $this->_redis = new \Redis()
    }
}
</code>

第一种方法的优点是方便,无须把所有的方法重写一遍,但是不太好统一捕捉异常,
第二种就是麻烦些,需要重写一遍所有的方法,(虽然可以用魔术方法),捕捉异常方便些。
大家用的哪种?为什么呢?

回复内容:

php很多内置的类或扩展类比较粗糙,需要人为的封装一遍,于是有了两种封装方式,
1直接继承
2内部实例化

如redis类,
可以

<code>namespace lib
class redis extends \Redis {}
</code>

也可以

<code>namespace lib
class redis {
    private $_redis = null;
    public function __construct() {
        $this->_redis = new \Redis()
    }
}
</code>

第一种方法的优点是方便,无须把所有的方法重写一遍,但是不太好统一捕捉异常,
第二种就是麻烦些,需要重写一遍所有的方法,(虽然可以用魔术方法),捕捉异常方便些。
大家用的哪种?为什么呢?

继承

继承的特点有

  • ✔实现成本低
  • ✔调用者可以沿用原有的接口使用,学习成本低
  • ✔原有的功能无需任何代码如常工作
  • ✘无法隐藏或改变原有的功能

    • 其实你可以这么做,就好像你确实可以用铁丝去捅插座眼一样
    • 改变输入、改变输出、改变行为都属于改变功能,比如原来抛的异常现在不抛了,原来return false现在变异常了,原来输入的是青椒现在变牛肉了等等
  • ✘正交性弱,没有做到屏蔽父类的依赖,需要更换父类的时候显得脆弱

常见的合适的应用有

  • 增加日志记录等不影响原有逻辑的“旁路逻辑”
  • 增加一些方法,比如原有的某一些方法a()b()c()总是连续一起调用,增加一个doABC()方法

    • 仅限简单的少量的方法,如果要加复杂的功能或者大量的方法,还是建议用组合
  • 增加一些静态/工厂方法,比如new Redis(ip, port) => OurRedis::getInstance()

一句话说就是原有行为不变,is-a的场景用继承。

组合

组合的特点有

  • ✘实现成本略高,创建对象的过程可能会变复杂
  • ✘调用者需要理解新的接口
  • ✘需要转发才能让原有的功能工作
  • ✔很容易隐藏/屏蔽原有的部分功能
  • ✔正交性强,可以通过更换内部的对象适配不同的情况而保持外部接口不变

常见的合适的应用有

  • 一切涉及改变行为的需求
  • 未来依赖会变的场景,比如redis会变成memcache,或者mysql会变mariadb之类
  • 需要屏蔽细节的场景,比如Session Cache等需求确实用到redis,但对外肯定要屏蔽“这是个redis实现的session”。否则恐龙会出现在你背后把你脑袋咬掉

一句话就是某个功能依赖另一个功能,use-ahas-a的场景用组合


偏题,predis用起来还不错,可以一试

如果你看过任何一本设计模式的书,肯定都是推荐你使用第二种。

它们奉行的原则是:组合优于继承

不过,还得看自己需求。如果系统的接口和你的类提供的一致,可以试试第一种。如果不一致,选择第二种。

如果你正在为系统设计 DB 中间层,需要适配不同的数据库,选择第二种。

楼主你干脆用Java吧,别用PHP了。用好一门语言就要掌握这门语言的特性和风格,按照这门语言的风格去行事。

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