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AlgorithmsAlgorithms(算法)bsearchbsearch_sqsortqsort_sAtomic operationsAtomic operations library(原子操作库)ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREEatomic_compare_exchange_strongatomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicitatomic_compare_exchange_weakatomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicitatomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicitatomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicitatomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicitatomic_fetch_oratomic_fetch_or_explicitatomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicitatomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicitatomic_flagatomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicitATOMIC_FLAG_INITatomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicitatomic_initatomic_is_lock_freeatomic_loadatomic_load_explicitatomic_signal_fenceatomic_storeatomic_store_explicitatomic_thread_fence(线程围栏)ATOMIC_VAR_INITkill_dependencymemory_order(内存排序)C keywordsauto(自动存储)break(跳出循环)C keywords(关键词)casecharconst(常量修饰符)continuedefault(预设运算式)dodouble(双精度浮点型)elseenum(枚举类型)extern(全局变量)float(浮点数)forfortrangoto(goto语句)if(if语句)inline(行内函式)intlong(长整型)register(寄存器变量)restrict( restrict类型限定符)returnshortsignedsizeof(sizeof运算符)static(静态变量)struct(结构体)switch(switch语句)typedef(typedef关键字)union(联合体)unsigned(无符号)void(空类型)volatile(volatile变量)while(while语句)_Alignas_Alignof_Atomic_Bool_Complex_Generic_Imaginary_Noreturn_Static_assert_Thread_localC language#define directive#elif directive#else directive#endif directive#error directive#if directive#ifdef directive#ifndef directive#include directive#line directive#pragma directivealignas(对齐指定符)Alternative operators and tokens(替代运算符和令牌)AnalyzabilityArithmetic operatorsArithmetic typesArray declaration(数组声明)Array initialization(阵列初始化)ASCII ChartAssignment operators(赋值运算符)types(atomic类型限定符)Basic conceptsBit fields(位域)break statementC languageC Operator Precedencecast operatorcharacter constant(字符字面量)Comments(注释符)Comparison operators(比较运算符)compound literals(符合字面量)Conditional inclusion(条件包含)Conformance(一致性)const type qualifier(const 限定符)Constant expressions(常量表达)continue statementDeclarations(声明)do-while loopEnumerations(枚举类型)Escape sequences(转义字符)Expressions(表达式)External and tentative definitions(外部和暂定的定义)File scope(文件范围)floating constant(浮点常量)for loopFunction declarations(函数声明)Function definitions(函数声明)FunctionsGeneric selection泛型选择goto statementIdentifier(标示符)if statementImplicit conversions(隐式转换)Increment/decrement operators(前置/后置操作符)Initialization(初始化)inline function specifier(内联函式)integer constantLifetime(生命期)Logical operators(逻辑运算符)Lookup and name spacesMain function(主函式)Member access operators(会员接入运营商)Memory modelObjects and alignment(字节对齐)Order of evaluation(评估顺序)Other operatorsPhases of translation(翻译阶段)Pointer declarationPreprocessor(预处理)restrict type qualifier(restrict类型限定符)return statementScalar initialization(标量类型初始化)Scope(范围)sizeof operator(sizeof运算符)Statements(陈述)static assert declaration(静态断言声明)Static storage duration(静态存储周期)Storage-class specifiers(存储类说明符)string literals(字符串字面量)Struct and union initialization(结构体与联合体初始化)Struct declaration(结构体声明)switch statementThread storage duration(线程存储时间)TypeType(类型)Typedef declaration(Typedef声明)Undefined behavior(未定义行为)Union declaration(联合体声明)Value categories(值类别)Variadic arguments(变长参数宏)volatile type qualifier(volatile 类型限定符)while loop_Alignof operator_Noreturn function specifierDate and timeasctime(asctime函数)asctime_sclockCLOCKS_PER_SECclock_tctime(ctime函数)ctime_sDate and time utilities(日期和时间库)difftime(计算两个时间的间隔)gmtimegmtime_slocaltimelocaltime_smktime(将时间结构数据转换成经过的秒数的函数)strftime(格式化输出时间函数)timetimespectimespec_gettime_ttmwcsftime(格式化时间宽字符)Dynamic memory managementaligned_allocC memory management library(内存管理库)callocfree(释放动态分配空间的函数)malloc(动态分配内存空间的函数)realloc(重新分配内存空间的函数)Error handlingabort_handler_sassert(断言)constraint_handler_terrno(错误报告)Error handling(错误处理)Error numbers(错误个数)ignore_handler_sset_constraint_handler_sstatic_assertFile input/outputclearerr(清除/复位)fclosefeofferrorfflush(清空文件缓冲区)fgetcfgetposfgetsfgetwcfgetwsFile input/outputfopenfopen_sfprintffprintf_sfputcfputsfputwcfputwsfreadfreopenfreopen_sfscanffscanf_sfseekfsetposftellfwidefwprintffwprintf_sfwritefwscanffwscanf_sgetcgetchargetsgets_sgetwcharperrorprintfprintf_sputcputcharputsputwcputwcharremoverenamerewindscanfscanf_ssetbufsetvbufsnprintfsprintfsscanfsscanf_sswprintfswprintf_sswscanfswscanf_stmpfiletmpfile_stmpnamtmpnam_sungetcungetwcvfprintfvfprintf_svfscanfvfscanf_svfwprintfvfwprintf_svfwscanfvfwscanf_svprintfvprintf_svscanfvscanf_svsnprintfvsprintfvsscanfvsscanf_svswprintfvswprintf_svswscanfvswscanf_svwprintfvwprintf_svwscanfvwscanf_swprintfwprintf_swscanfwscanf_sLocalization supportlconvLC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIMElocaleconvLocalization supportsetlocaleNumericsabsacosacosfacoshacoshfacoshlacoslasinasinfasinhasinhfasinhlasinlatanatan2atan2fatan2latanfatanhatanhfatanhlatanlcabscabsfcabslcacoscacosfcacoshcacoshfcacoshlcacoslcargcargfcarglcasincasinfcasinhcasinhfcasinhlcasinlcatancatanfcatanhcatanhfcatanhlcatanlcbrtcbrtfcbrtlccosccosfccoshccoshfccoshlccoslceilceilfceillcexpcexpfcexplcimagcimagfcimaglclogclogfcloglCMPLXCMPLXFCMPLXLCommon mathematical functionscomplexComplex number arithmeticconjconjfconjlcopysigncopysignfcopysignlcoscosfcoshcoshfcoshlcoslcpowcpowfcpowlcprojcprojfcprojlcrealcrealfcreallcsincsinfcsinhcsinhfcsinhlcsinlcsqrtcsqrtfcsqrtlctanctanfctanhctanhfctanhlctanldivdouble_terferfcerfcferfclerfferflexpexp2exp2fexp2lexpfexplexpm1expm1fexpm1lfabsfabsffabslfdimfeclearexceptfegetenvfegetexceptflagfegetroundfeholdexceptferaiseexceptfesetenvfesetexceptflagfesetroundfetestexceptfeupdateenvFE_ALL_EXCEPTFE_DFL_ENVFE_DIVBYZEROFE_DOWNWARDFE_INEXACTFE_INVALIDFE_OVERFLOWFE_TONEARESTFE_TOWARDZEROFE_UNDERFLOWFE_UPWARDFloating-point environmentfloat_tfloorfloorffloorlfmafmaffmalfmaxfmaxffmaxlfminfminffminlfmodfmodffmodlfpclassifyFP_INFINITEFP_NANFP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROfrexpfrexpffrexplHUGE_VALHUGE_VALFHUGE_VALLhypothypotfhypotlIilogbilogbfilogblimaginaryimaxabsimaxdivINFINITYisfiniteisgreaterisgreaterequalisinfislessislessequalislessgreaterisnanisnormalisunorderedlabsldexpldexpfldexplldivlgammalgammaflgammalllabslldivllrintllrintfllrintlllroundllroundfllroundlloglog10log10flog10llog1plog1pflog1pllog2log2flog2llogblogbflogbllogflogllrintlrintflrintllroundlroundflroundlMATH_ERREXCEPTmath_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOmodfmodffmodflnanNANnanfnanlnearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintlnextafternextafterfnextafterlnexttowardnexttowardfnexttowardlNumericspowpowfpowlPseudo-random number generationrandRAND_MAXremainderremainderfremainderlremquoremquofremquolrintrintfrintlroundroundfroundlscalblnscalblnfscalblnlscalbnscalbnfscalbnlsignbitsinsinfsinhsinhfsinhlsinlsqrtsqrtfsqrtlsrandtantanftanhtanhftanhltanltgammatgammaftgammaltrunctruncftrunclType-generic math_Complex_I_Imaginary_IProgram supportabortatexitat_quick_exitexitEXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSgetenvgetenv_sjmp_buflongjmpProgram support utilitiesquick_exitraisesetjmpSIGABRTSIGFPESIGILLSIGINTsignalSIGSEGVSIGTERMsig_atomic_tSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNsystem_ExitStringsatofatoiatolatollbtowcc16rtombc32rtombchar16_tchar32_tisalnumisalphaisblankiscntrlisdigitisgraphislowerisprintispunctisspaceisupperiswalnumiswalphaiswblankiswcntrliswctypeiswdigitiswgraphiswloweriswprintiswpunctiswspaceiswupperiswxdigitisxdigitmblenmbrlenmbrtoc16mbrtoc32mbrtowcmbsinitmbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_smbstate_tmbstowcsmbstowcs_smbtowcmemchrmemcmpmemcpymemcpy_smemmovememmove_smemsetmemset_sNull-terminated byte stringsNull-terminated multibyte stringsNull-terminated wide stringsstrcatstrcat_sstrchrstrcmpstrcollstrcpystrcpy_sstrcspnstrerrorstrerrorlen_sstrerror_sStrings librarystrlenstrncatThread supportcall_oncecnd_broadcastcnd_destroycnd_initcnd_signalcnd_timedwaitcnd_waitmtx_destroymtx_initmtx_lockmtx_plainmtx_recursivemtx_timedmtx_timedlockmtx_trylockmtx_unlockonce_flagONCE_FLAG_INITthrd_busythrd_createthrd_currentthrd_detachthrd_equalthrd_errorthrd_exitthrd_jointhrd_nomemthrd_sleepthrd_successthrd_timedoutthrd_yieldThread support librarythread_localtss_createtss_deleteTSS_DTOR_ITERATIONStss_gettss_setType supportBoolean type support libraryFixed width integer typesFLT_EVAL_METHODFLT_ROUNDSmax_align_tNULLNumeric limitsoffsetofptrdiff_tsize_tType supportVariadic functionsVariadic functionsva_argva_copyva_endva_listva_start
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功能

| Defined in header <stdlib.h> |

|:----|

| abslabsllabs(C99)| 计算整数值(| x |)(函数)|的绝对值

| divldivlldiv(C99)| 计算整数除法(函数)|的商和余数

| 在头文件<inttypes.h> |中定义

| imaxabs(C99)| 计算整数值(| x |)(函数)|的绝对值

| imaxdiv(C99)| 计算整数除法(函数)|的商和余数

| 在头文件<math.h> |中定义

| 基本操作|

| fabsfabsffabsl(C99)(C99)| 计算浮点值(| x |)(函数)|的绝对值

| fmodfmodffmodl(C99)(C99)| 计算浮点除法操作(函数)|的剩余部分

| 余额余额本地人(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算浮点除法运算(函数)|的有符号的余数

| remquoremquofremquol(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算带符号的余数以及除法运算(函数)|的最后三位

| fmafmaffmal(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算融合的乘加运算(函数)|

| fmaxfmaxffmax1(C99)(C99)(C99)| 决定两个浮点值(函数)|中较大的一个

| fminfminffminl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 确定两个浮点值(函数)|中的较小者

| fdimfdimffdiml(C99)(C99)(C99)| 确定两个浮点值(max(0,xy))(函数)|的正差

| nannanfnanl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 返回一个NaN(非数字)(函数)|

| 指数函数|

| expexpfexpl(C99)(C99)| 计算e给定的功率(ex)(函数)|

| exp2exp2fexp2l(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算2提高到给定的功率(2x)(函数)|

| expm1expm1fexpm1l(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算e增加到给定的权力,减去一(ex-1)(函数)|

| loglogflogl(C99)(C99)| 计算自然(基-e)对数(ln(x))(函数)|

| log10log10flog10l(C99)(C99)| 计算普通(基数为10)的对数(log10(x))(函数)|

| log2log2flog2l(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算基数2对数(log2(x))(函数)|

| log1plog1pflog1pl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算1加上给定数字(ln(1 + x))(函数)的自然(基e)对数。

| 电源功能|

| powpowfpowl(C99)(C99)| 计算一个给定的功率(xy)(函数)|的数字

| sqrtsqrtfsqrtl(C99)(C99)| 计算平方根(√x)(函数)|

| cbrtcbrtfcbrtl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算立方根(3√x)(函数)|

| hypothypotfypotl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算两个给定数字(√X2+ Y2)(函数)|的平方和的平方根

| 三角函数|

| sinsinfsinl(C99)(C99)| 计算正弦(sin(x))(函数)|

| coscosfcosl(C99)(C99)计算余弦(cos(x))(函数)

| tantanftanl(C99)(C99)| 计算tangent(tan(x))(function)|

| asinasinfasinl(C99)(C99)| 计算反正弦(arcsin(x))(函数)|

| acosacosfacosl(C99)(C99)| 计算反余弦(arccos(x))(函数)|

| atanatanfatanl(C99)(C99)| 计算反正切(arctan(x))(function)|

| atan2atan2fatan2l(C99)(C99)| 计算反正切,使用符号来确定象限(函数)|

| 双曲函数|

| sinhsinhfsinhl(C99)(C99)| 计算双曲正弦函数(sh(x))(函数)|

| coshcoshfcoshl(C99)(C99)| 计算双曲余弦(ch(x))(函数)|

| tanhtanhftanhl(C99)(C99)| 计算双曲正切(函数)|

| asinhasinhfasinhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算反双曲正弦(arsinh(x))(函数)|

| acoshacoshfacoshl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算反双曲余弦(arcosh(x))(函数)|

| atanhatanhfatanhl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算反双曲正切(artanh(x))(function)|

| 错误和伽马函数|

| erferfferfl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算错误函数(函数)|

| erfcerfcferfcl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算互补误差函数(函数)|

| tgammatgammaftgammal(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算伽马函数(函数)|

| lgammalgammaflgammal(C99)(C99)(C99)| 计算伽马函数(函数)|的自然(基-e)对数

| 最接近的整数浮点操作|

| ceilceilfceill(C99)(C99)| 计算不小于给定值(函数)|的最小整数

| floorfloorffloorl(C99)(C99)| 计算不大于给定值(函数)|的最大整数

| trunctruncftruncl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 取整数不大于给定值(函数)|的最大整数

| roundlroundllround(C99)(C99)(C99)| 舍入到最接近的整数,在半路情况下(函数)|从零舍入

| (C99)(C99)(C99)| 使用当前舍入模式(函数)|舍入为整数

| (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)如果结果不同(函数)|,则舍入为使用当前舍入模式的整数

| 浮点操作函数|

| frexpfrexpffrexpl(C99)(C99)| 将数字分解为有效数和2(函数)|的一个幂

| ldexpldexpfldexpl(C99)(C99)| 将一个数字乘以2,得到一个幂(函数)|

| modfmodffmodfl(C99)(C99)| 将数字分解为整数和小数部分(函数)|

| (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)| 有效计算FLT_RADIX提升到功率(函数)|的次数

| ilogbilogbfilogbl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 提取给定数字(函数)|的指数

| logblogbflogbl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 提取给定数字(函数)|的指数

| (C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)|下一个下一个下一个下一个下一个下一个 确定朝向给定值(函数)|的下一个可表示的浮点值

| copysigncopysignfcopysignl(C99)(C99)(C99)| 产生具有给定值的量值和另一个给定值(函数)|的符号的值

| 分类和比较|

| fpclassify(C99)| 分类给定的浮点值(函数)|

| isfinite(C99)| 检查给定的数字是否具有有限的值(函数)|

| isinf(C99)| 检查给定的数字是否是无限的(函数)|

| isnan(C99)| 检查给定的数字是否是NaN(函数)|

| 异常(C99)| 检查给定的数字是否正常(功能)|

| signbit(C99)| 检查给定的数字是否定的(功能)|

| isgreater(C99)| 检查第一个浮点参数是否大于第二个(函数)|

| isgreaterequal(C99)| 检查第一个浮点参数是否大于或等于第二个(函数)|

| isless(C99)| 检查第一个浮点参数是否小于第二个(函数)|

| islessequal(C99)| 检查第一个浮点参数是否小于或等于第二个(函数)|

| islessgreater(C99)| 检查第一个浮点参数是小于还是大于第二个(函数)|

| isunordered(C99)| 检查两个浮点值是否无序(函数)|

类型

| 在头文件<stdlib.h> |中定义

|:----|

| div_t | 结构类型,返回div函数(typedef)|

| ldiv_t | 结构类型,返回ldiv函数(typedef)|

| lldiv_t(C99)| 结构类型,返回lldiv函数(typedef)|

| 在头文件<inttypes.h> |中定义

| imaxdiv_t(C99)| 结构类型,返回的imaxdiv函数(typedef)|

| 在头文件<math.h> |中定义

| float_t(C99)| 最有效的浮点类型至少和float(typedef)|一样宽

| double_t(C99)| 最有效的浮点类型至少与double(typedef)|一样宽

宏常量

| 在头文件<math.h> |中定义

|:----|

| HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL(C99)(C99)| 表示值太大,无法用float,double和long double分别表示(无穷大)(宏常量)|

| INFINITY(C99)| 评估为正无穷大或保证溢出float(宏常量)|的值

| NAN(C99)| 评估为float(宏常量)|类型的安静NaN

|FP_FAST_FMAFFP_FAST_FMAFP_FAST_FMAL(C99)(C99)(C99)| 表示fma函数的执行速度通常与双操作数(宏常量)的乘法和加法相同或更快。

| FP_ILOGB0FP_ILOGBNAN(C99)(C99)| 如果x分别为零或NaN(宏常数)|,则评估为ilogb(x)

|math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT(C99)(C99)(C99)| 定义常用数学函数(宏常量)|使用的错误处理机制

| 分类|

| FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)(C99)| 表示浮点类别(宏常量)|

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.8整数类型的格式转换<inttypes.h>(p:217-220)

    • 7.12数学<math.h>(p:231-261)

    • 7.22常用工具<stdlib.h>(p:340-360)

    • 7.31.5整数类型的格式转换<inttypes.h>(p:455)

    • 7.31.12通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:456)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.8整数类型的格式转换<inttypes.h>(p:198-201)

    • 7.12数学<math.h>(p:212-242)

    • 7.20通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:306-324)

    • 7.26.4整数类型的格式转换<inttypes.h>(p:401)

    • 7.26.10通用工具<stdlib.h>(p:402)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.5数学<math.h>

    • 4.10一般实用程序<stdlib.h>

    • 4.13.4数学<math.h>

    • 7.13.7通用工具<stdlib.h>

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