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supportsetlocaleNumericsabsacosacosfacoshacoshfacoshlacoslasinasinfasinhasinhfasinhlasinlatanatan2atan2fatan2latanfatanhatanhfatanhlatanlcabscabsfcabslcacoscacosfcacoshcacoshfcacoshlcacoslcargcargfcarglcasincasinfcasinhcasinhfcasinhlcasinlcatancatanfcatanhcatanhfcatanhlcatanlcbrtcbrtfcbrtlccosccosfccoshccoshfccoshlccoslceilceilfceillcexpcexpfcexplcimagcimagfcimaglclogclogfcloglCMPLXCMPLXFCMPLXLCommon mathematical functionscomplexComplex number arithmeticconjconjfconjlcopysigncopysignfcopysignlcoscosfcoshcoshfcoshlcoslcpowcpowfcpowlcprojcprojfcprojlcrealcrealfcreallcsincsinfcsinhcsinhfcsinhlcsinlcsqrtcsqrtfcsqrtlctanctanfctanhctanhfctanhlctanldivdouble_terferfcerfcferfclerfferflexpexp2exp2fexp2lexpfexplexpm1expm1fexpm1lfabsfabsffabslfdimfeclearexceptfegetenvfegetexceptflagfegetroundfeholdexceptferaiseexceptfesetenvfesetexceptflagfesetroundfetestexceptfeupdateenvFE_ALL_EXCEPTFE_DFL_ENVFE_DIVBYZEROFE_DOWNWARDFE_INEXACTFE_INVALIDFE_OVERFLOWFE_TONEARESTFE_TOWARDZEROFE_UNDERFLOWFE_UPWARDFloating-point 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generationrandRAND_MAXremainderremainderfremainderlremquoremquofremquolrintrintfrintlroundroundfroundlscalblnscalblnfscalblnlscalbnscalbnfscalbnlsignbitsinsinfsinhsinhfsinhlsinlsqrtsqrtfsqrtlsrandtantanftanhtanhftanhltanltgammatgammaftgammaltrunctruncftrunclType-generic math_Complex_I_Imaginary_IProgram supportabortatexitat_quick_exitexitEXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSgetenvgetenv_sjmp_buflongjmpProgram support utilitiesquick_exitraisesetjmpSIGABRTSIGFPESIGILLSIGINTsignalSIGSEGVSIGTERMsig_atomic_tSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNsystem_ExitStringsatofatoiatolatollbtowcc16rtombc32rtombchar16_tchar32_tisalnumisalphaisblankiscntrlisdigitisgraphislowerisprintispunctisspaceisupperiswalnumiswalphaiswblankiswcntrliswctypeiswdigitiswgraphiswloweriswprintiswpunctiswspaceiswupperiswxdigitisxdigitmblenmbrlenmbrtoc16mbrtoc32mbrtowcmbsinitmbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_smbstate_tmbstowcsmbstowcs_smbtowcmemchrmemcmpmemcpymemcpy_smemmovememmove_smemsetmemset_sNull-terminated byte stringsNull-terminated multibyte 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在头文件<string.h>中定义



void * memset(void * dest,int ch,size_t count);

(1)


errno_t memset_s(void * dest,rsize_t destsz,int ch,rsize_t count)

(2)

(自C11以来)

1)将ch值(在转换为无符号字符后,就像通过(unsigned char)ch)复制到dest指向的对象的每个第一个计数字符中。

如果访问超出dest数组的末尾,则行为未定义。如果dest是空指针,行为是未定义的。

2)与(1)相同,只是在运行时检测到以下错误,并且如果dest和destsz本身有效,则在将ch存储到目标范围[dest,dest + destsz)的每个位置之后调用当前安装的约束处理函数:

  • dest 是一个空指针

  • destszcount大于RSIZE_MAX

  • count大于destsz(会发生缓冲区溢出)

如果由dest <count <= destsz指向的字符数组的大小,行为是未定义的; 换句话说,destsz的错误值不会暴露即将发生的缓冲区溢出。 作为所有边界检查函数,只有当__STDC_LIB_EXT1__由实现定义时,以及在包含string.h之前用户将__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__定义为整数常量1时,memset_s才能保证可用。

参数

dest

-

指向要填充的对象的指针

ch

-

填充字节

count

-

要填充的字节数

destsz

-

目标数组的大小

返回值

1) dest 副本

2)成功时为零,错误时为非零。 同样出错的是,如果dest不是空指针并且destsz有效,那么将destsz填充字节ch写入目标数组。

注意

如果此函数修改的对象在其余生命期内(例如,gcc bug 8537)不再被访问,则memset可能会被优化(在as-if规则下)。 因为这个原因,这个函数不能用来擦洗内存(例如,填充一个存储密码为零的数组)。 memset_s禁止这种优化:保证执行内存写入。 第三方解决方案包括FreeBSD explicit_bzero或Microsoft SecureZeroMemory。

#define __STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__ 1#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>
 int main(void){
    char str[] = "ghghghghghghghghghghgh";    puts(str);    memset(str,'a',5);    puts(str);
 #ifdef __STDC_LIB_EXT1__    set_constraint_handler_s(ignore_handler_s);
    int r = memset_s(str, sizeof str, 'b', 5);    printf("str = \"%s\", r = %d\n", str, r);
    r = memset_s(str, 5, 'c', 10);   // count is greater than destsz      printf("str = \"%s\", r = %d\n", str, r);#endif}

可能的输出:

ghghghghghghghghghghgh
aaaaahghghghghghghghgh
str = "bbbbbhghghghghghghghgh", r = 0str = "ccccchghghghghghghghgh", r = 22

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.24.6.1 memset函数(p:371)

    • K.3.7.4.1 memset_s函数(p:621-622)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.21.6.1 memset函数(p:333)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.11.6.1 memset函数

扩展内容

memcpymemcpy_s(C11)

将一个缓冲区复制到另一个(功能)

wmemset(C95)

将给定的宽字符复制到宽字符数组(函数)中的每个位置

| memset的C ++文档 |

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在头文件<wctype.h>中定义



int iswdigit(wint_t ch);


(自C95以来)

检查给定的宽字符是否对应(如果缩小)十个十进制数字字符0123456789中的一个。

参数

CH

-

宽字符

返回值

如果宽字符是数字字符,则为非零值,否则为零。

注意

iswdigitiswxdigit是唯一不受当前安装的C语言环境影响的标准宽字符分类函数。

一些语言环境提供了检测非ASCII数字的附加字符类。

#include <stdio.h>#include <wctype.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <locale.h> void test(wchar_t a3, wchar_t u3, wchar_t j3){    printf("        '%lc' '%lc' '%lc'\n", a3, u3, j3);    printf("iswdigit %d    %d   %d\n",           !!iswdigit(a3), !!iswdigit(u3), !!iswdigit(j3));    printf("jdigit:  %d    %d   %d\n", !!iswctype(a3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(u3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(j3, wctype("jdigit")));}
 int main(void){
    wchar_t a3 = L'3';  // the ASCII digit 3
    wchar_t u3 = L'三'; // the CJK numeral 3
    wchar_t j3 = L'3'; // the fullwidth digit 3 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");    puts("In American locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3); 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "ja_JP.utf8");    puts("\nIn Japanese locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3);}

输出:

In American locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   0
 In Japanese locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   1

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.30.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:449)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.25.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:395)

扩展内容

isdigit

检查一个字符是否是一个数字(功能)

| 用于iswdigit的C ++文档 |

ASCII 值  (十六进制)

字符

iscntrl  iswcntrl.

isprint  iswprint.

isspace  iswspace.

isblank  iswblank.

isgraph  iswgraph.

ispunct  iswpunct.

isalnum  iswalnum.

isalpha  iswalpha.

isupper  iswupper.

islower  iswlower.

isdigit  iswdigit.

isxdigit  iswxdigit.


0 - 8

0x00-0x08

控制码 (NUL, etc.)

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tab (\t)

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space

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!"#$%&'()*+,-./

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48 - 57

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0123456789

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58 - 64

0x3a-0x40

:;<=>?@

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ABCDEF

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GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

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0x5B-0x60

[]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |













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abcdef

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0x67-0x7A

ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

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{|}~

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