AlgorithmsAlgorithms（算法）bsearchbsearch_sqsortqsort_sAtomic operationsAtomic operations library（原子操作库）ATOMIC_*_LOCK_FREEatomic_compare_exchange_strongatomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicitatomic_compare_exchange_weakatomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicitatomic_exchangeatomic_exchange_explicitatomic_fetch_addatomic_fetch_add_explicitatomic_fetch_andatomic_fetch_and_explicitatomic_fetch_oratomic_fetch_or_explicitatomic_fetch_subatomic_fetch_sub_explicitatomic_fetch_xoratomic_fetch_xor_explicitatomic_flagatomic_flag_clearatomic_flag_clear_explicitATOMIC_FLAG_INITatomic_flag_test_and_setatomic_flag_test_and_set_explicitatomic_initatomic_is_lock_freeatomic_loadatomic_load_explicitatomic_signal_fenceatomic_storeatomic_store_explicitatomic_thread_fence（线程围栏）ATOMIC_VAR_INITkill_dependencymemory_order（内存排序）C keywordsauto（自动存储）break（跳出循环）C keywords（关键词）casecharconst（常量修饰符）continuedefault（预设运算式）dodouble（双精度浮点型）elseenum（枚举类型）extern（全局变量）float（浮点数）forfortrangoto（goto语句）if（if语句）inline（行内函式）intlong（长整型）register（寄存器变量）restrict（ restrict类型限定符）returnshortsignedsizeof（sizeof运算符）static（静态变量）struct（结构体）switch（switch语句）typedef（typedef关键字）union（联合体）unsigned（无符号）void（空类型）volatile（volatile变量）while（while语句）_Alignas_Alignof_Atomic_Bool_Complex_Generic_Imaginary_Noreturn_Static_assert_Thread_localC language#define directive#elif directive#else directive#endif directive#error directive#if directive#ifdef directive#ifndef directive#include directive#line directive#pragma directivealignas（对齐指定符）Alternative operators and tokens（替代运算符和令牌）AnalyzabilityArithmetic operatorsArithmetic typesArray declaration（数组声明）Array initialization（阵列初始化）ASCII ChartAssignment operators（赋值运算符）types（atomic类型限定符）Basic conceptsBit fields（位域）break statementC languageC Operator Precedencecast operatorcharacter constant（字符字面量）Comments（注释符）Comparison operators（比较运算符）compound literals（符合字面量）Conditional inclusion（条件包含）Conformance（一致性）const type qualifier（const 限定符）Constant expressions（常量表达）continue statementDeclarations（声明）do-while loopEnumerations（枚举类型）Escape sequences（转义字符）Expressions（表达式）External and tentative definitions（外部和暂定的定义）File scope（文件范围）floating constant（浮点常量）for loopFunction declarations（函数声明）Function definitions（函数声明）FunctionsGeneric selection泛型选择goto statementIdentifier（标示符）if statementImplicit conversions（隐式转换）Increment/decrement operators（前置/后置操作符）Initialization（初始化）inline function specifier（内联函式）integer constantLifetime（生命期）Logical operators（逻辑运算符）Lookup and name spacesMain function（主函式）Member access operators（会员接入运营商）Memory modelObjects and alignment（字节对齐）Order of evaluation（评估顺序）Other operatorsPhases of translation（翻译阶段）Pointer declarationPreprocessor（预处理）restrict type qualifier（restrict类型限定符）return statementScalar initialization（标量类型初始化）Scope（范围）sizeof operator（sizeof运算符）Statements（陈述）static assert declaration（静态断言声明）Static storage duration（静态存储周期）Storage-class specifiers（存储类说明符）string literals（字符串字面量）Struct and union initialization（结构体与联合体初始化）Struct declaration（结构体声明）switch statementThread storage duration（线程存储时间）TypeType（类型）Typedef declaration（Typedef声明）Undefined behavior（未定义行为）Union declaration（联合体声明）Value categories（值类别）Variadic arguments（变长参数宏）volatile type qualifier（volatile 类型限定符）while loop_Alignof operator_Noreturn function specifierDate and timeasctime（asctime函数）asctime_sclockCLOCKS_PER_SECclock_tctime（ctime函数）ctime_sDate and time utilities（日期和时间库）difftime（计算两个时间的间隔）gmtimegmtime_slocaltimelocaltime_smktime（将时间结构数据转换成经过的秒数的函数）strftime（格式化输出时间函数）timetimespectimespec_gettime_ttmwcsftime（格式化时间宽字符）Dynamic memory managementaligned_allocC memory management library（内存管理库）callocfree（释放动态分配空间的函数）malloc（动态分配内存空间的函数）realloc（重新分配内存空间的函数）Error handlingabort_handler_sassert（断言）constraint_handler_terrno（错误报告）Error handling（错误处理）Error numbers（错误个数）ignore_handler_sset_constraint_handler_sstatic_assertFile input/outputclearerr（清除/复位）fclosefeofferrorfflush（清空文件缓冲区）fgetcfgetposfgetsfgetwcfgetwsFile input/outputfopenfopen_sfprintffprintf_sfputcfputsfputwcfputwsfreadfreopenfreopen_sfscanffscanf_sfseekfsetposftellfwidefwprintffwprintf_sfwritefwscanffwscanf_sgetcgetchargetsgets_sgetwcharperrorprintfprintf_sputcputcharputsputwcputwcharremoverenamerewindscanfscanf_ssetbufsetvbufsnprintfsprintfsscanfsscanf_sswprintfswprintf_sswscanfswscanf_stmpfiletmpfile_stmpnamtmpnam_sungetcungetwcvfprintfvfprintf_svfscanfvfscanf_svfwprintfvfwprintf_svfwscanfvfwscanf_svprintfvprintf_svscanfvscanf_svsnprintfvsprintfvsscanfvsscanf_svswprintfvswprintf_svswscanfvswscanf_svwprintfvwprintf_svwscanfvwscanf_swprintfwprintf_swscanfwscanf_sLocalization supportlconvLC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIMElocaleconvLocalization supportsetlocaleNumericsabsacosacosfacoshacoshfacoshlacoslasinasinfasinhasinhfasinhlasinlatanatan2atan2fatan2latanfatanhatanhfatanhlatanlcabscabsfcabslcacoscacosfcacoshcacoshfcacoshlcacoslcargcargfcarglcasincasinfcasinhcasinhfcasinhlcasinlcatancatanfcatanhcatanhfcatanhlcatanlcbrtcbrtfcbrtlccosccosfccoshccoshfccoshlccoslceilceilfceillcexpcexpfcexplcimagcimagfcimaglclogclogfcloglCMPLXCMPLXFCMPLXLCommon mathematical functionscomplexComplex number arithmeticconjconjfconjlcopysigncopysignfcopysignlcoscosfcoshcoshfcoshlcoslcpowcpowfcpowlcprojcprojfcprojlcrealcrealfcreallcsincsinfcsinhcsinhfcsinhlcsinlcsqrtcsqrtfcsqrtlctanctanfctanhctanhfctanhlctanldivdouble_terferfcerfcferfclerfferflexpexp2exp2fexp2lexpfexplexpm1expm1fexpm1lfabsfabsffabslfdimfeclearexceptfegetenvfegetexceptflagfegetroundfeholdexceptferaiseexceptfesetenvfesetexceptflagfesetroundfetestexceptfeupdateenvFE_ALL_EXCEPTFE_DFL_ENVFE_DIVBYZEROFE_DOWNWARDFE_INEXACTFE_INVALIDFE_OVERFLOWFE_TONEARESTFE_TOWARDZEROFE_UNDERFLOWFE_UPWARDFloating-point environmentfloat_tfloorfloorffloorlfmafmaffmalfmaxfmaxffmaxlfminfminffminlfmodfmodffmodlfpclassifyFP_INFINITEFP_NANFP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROfrexpfrexpffrexplHUGE_VALHUGE_VALFHUGE_VALLhypothypotfhypotlIilogbilogbfilogblimaginaryimaxabsimaxdivINFINITYisfiniteisgreaterisgreaterequalisinfislessislessequalislessgreaterisnanisnormalisunorderedlabsldexpldexpfldexplldivlgammalgammaflgammalllabslldivllrintllrintfllrintlllroundllroundfllroundlloglog10log10flog10llog1plog1pflog1pllog2log2flog2llogblogbflogbllogflogllrintlrintflrintllroundlroundflroundlMATH_ERREXCEPTmath_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOmodfmodffmodflnanNANnanfnanlnearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintlnextafternextafterfnextafterlnexttowardnexttowardfnexttowardlNumericspowpowfpowlPseudo-random number generationrandRAND_MAXremainderremainderfremainderlremquoremquofremquolrintrintfrintlroundroundfroundlscalblnscalblnfscalblnlscalbnscalbnfscalbnlsignbitsinsinfsinhsinhfsinhlsinlsqrtsqrtfsqrtlsrandtantanftanhtanhftanhltanltgammatgammaftgammaltrunctruncftrunclType-generic math_Complex_I_Imaginary_IProgram supportabortatexitat_quick_exitexitEXIT_FAILUREEXIT_SUCCESSgetenvgetenv_sjmp_buflongjmpProgram support utilitiesquick_exitraisesetjmpSIGABRTSIGFPESIGILLSIGINTsignalSIGSEGVSIGTERMsig_atomic_tSIG_DFLSIG_ERRSIG_IGNsystem_ExitStringsatofatoiatolatollbtowcc16rtombc32rtombchar16_tchar32_tisalnumisalphaisblankiscntrlisdigitisgraphislowerisprintispunctisspaceisupperiswalnumiswalphaiswblankiswcntrliswctypeiswdigitiswgraphiswloweriswprintiswpunctiswspaceiswupperiswxdigitisxdigitmblenmbrlenmbrtoc16mbrtoc32mbrtowcmbsinitmbsrtowcsmbsrtowcs_smbstate_tmbstowcsmbstowcs_smbtowcmemchrmemcmpmemcpymemcpy_smemmovememmove_smemsetmemset_sNull-terminated byte stringsNull-terminated multibyte stringsNull-terminated wide stringsstrcatstrcat_sstrchrstrcmpstrcollstrcpystrcpy_sstrcspnstrerrorstrerrorlen_sstrerror_sStrings librarystrlenstrncatThread supportcall_oncecnd_broadcastcnd_destroycnd_initcnd_signalcnd_timedwaitcnd_waitmtx_destroymtx_initmtx_lockmtx_plainmtx_recursivemtx_timedmtx_timedlockmtx_trylockmtx_unlockonce_flagONCE_FLAG_INITthrd_busythrd_createthrd_currentthrd_detachthrd_equalthrd_errorthrd_exitthrd_jointhrd_nomemthrd_sleepthrd_successthrd_timedoutthrd_yieldThread support librarythread_localtss_createtss_deleteTSS_DTOR_ITERATIONStss_gettss_setType supportBoolean type support libraryFixed width integer typesFLT_EVAL_METHODFLT_ROUNDSmax_align_tNULLNumeric limitsoffsetofptrdiff_tsize_tType supportVariadic functionsVariadic functionsva_argva_copyva_endva_listva_start
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在头文件<stdio.h>中定义 | ||
|---|---|---|
char * tmpnam（char * filename）; | (1) | |
errno_t tmpnam_s（char * filename_s，rsize_t maxsize）; | (2) | （自C11以来） |
1）创建唯一的有效文件名（不超过L_tmpnam长度）并将其存储在指向的字符串中filename。该功能能够生成多达TMP_MAX独特的文件名，但其中一些或全部可能正在文件系统中使用，因此不适合返回值。
2）与（1）相同，除了TMP_MAX_S可以生成名称不超过L_tmpnam_s长度，并且在运行时检测到以下错误并调用当前安装的约束处理函数：
filename_s是一个空指针maxsize大于RSIZE_MAXmaxsize小于生成的文件名字符串
作为所有的边界检查函数，tmpnam_s只能保证__STDC_LIB_EXT1__是由实现定义的，并且如果用户在包含之前定义__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__为整数常量。 1<stdio.h>
tmpnam并tmpnam_s修改静态（可以在这些函数之间共享）并且不要求线程安全。
参数
文件名 | - | 指向能够保存至少L_tmpnam字节的字符数组的指针，用作结果缓冲区。如果传递了空指针，则返回指向内部静态缓冲区的指针。 |
|---|---|---|
filename_s | - | 指向能够保存至少L_tmpnam_s字节的字符数组的指针，用作结果缓冲区。 |
MAXSIZE | - | 函数允许写入的最大字符数（通常是filename_s数组的大小）。 |
返回值
1）filename如果filename不是空指针。否则，返回指向内部静态缓冲区的指针。如果不能生成合适的文件名，则返回空指针。
2）返回零并将文件名写入filename_s成功。在错误，返回非零和空字符写入filename_s[0]（仅当filename_s不为null且maxsize不是零和不大于RSIZE_MAX）。
注意
虽然生成的名称tmpnam很难猜出，但是有可能在tmpnam返回时刻和此程序尝试使用返回的名称创建文件之间由另一个进程创建具有该名称的文件。标准函数tmpfile和POSIX函数mkstemp没有这个问题（仅使用标准C库创建唯一目录仍然需要使用tmpnam）。
POSIX系统另外定义了类似命名的函数tempnam()，它提供了一个目录的选择（默认为可选定义的宏。P_tmpdir)
例
#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>
int main(void){
char* name1 = tmpnam(NULL); printf("temporary file name: %s\n", name1);
char name2[L_tmpnam]; if (tmpnam(name2)) printf("temporary file name: %s\n", name2);}可能的输出：
temporary file name: /tmp/fileRZHMwL temporary file name: /tmp/file420gSN
参考
C11标准（ISO / IEC 9899：2011）：
7.21.4.4 tmpnam函数（p：303-304）
K.3.5.1.2 tmpnam_s函数（p：587-588）
C99标准（ISO / IEC 9899：1999）：
7.19.4.4 tmpnam函数（p：269-270）
C89 / C90标准（ISO / IEC 9899：1990）：
4.9.4.4 tmpnam函数