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文字

在头文件<stdio.h>中定义



int setvbuf(FILE * stream,char * buffer,int mode,size_t size);


(直到C99)

int setvbuf(FILE * restrict stream,char * restrict buffer,int mode,size_t size);


(自C99以来)

stream如参数所示,更改给定文件流的缓冲模式mode。此外,

  • 如果buffer是空指针,则调整内部缓冲区的大小size

  • 如果buffer不是空指针,则指示流使用用户提供的大小size开始的缓冲区buffer。流必须fclose在数组生命周期buffer结束之前关闭(with )。成功调用数组后的内容setvbuf是不确定的,并且任何尝试使用它都是未定义的行为。

参数

-

用于设置缓冲区的文件流或空指针仅用于更改大小和模式







缓冲

-

指向要使用的流的缓冲区







模式

-

缓冲模式使用。它可以是以下值之一:_IOFBF完全缓冲_IOLBF行缓冲_IONBF无缓冲

_IOFBF

完全缓冲

_IOLBF

行缓冲

_IONBF

没有缓冲

_IOFBF

完全缓冲








_IOLBF

行缓冲








_IONBF

没有缓冲








size

-

缓冲区的大小







返回值

0 失败时成功或非零。

注意

此功能可后方可使用stream已经以开放的文件相关联,但任何其他操作之前(除了一个失败的呼叫setbuf/ setvbuf)。

并非所有size字节都必须用于缓冲:实际的缓冲区大小通常被舍入为2的倍数,页面大小的倍数等。

在许多实现中,行缓冲仅适用于终端输入流。

一个常见的错误是将stdin或stdout的缓冲区设置为在程序终止之前其生命周期结束的数组:

int main(void) {
    char buf[BUFSIZ];    setbuf(stdin, buf);} // lifetime of buf ends, undefined behavior

默认缓冲区大小BUFSIZ预计是实现上文件I / O的最有效缓冲区大小,但POSIX fstat通常会提供更好的估计。

改变缓冲区大小的一个用例是知道更好的大小。

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <sys/stat.h>
 int main(void){
    FILE* fp = fopen("test.txt", "r");    if(fp == NULL) {       perror("fopen"); return 1;    }
 
    struct stat stats;    if(fstat(fileno(fp), &stats) == -1) { // POSIX only        perror("fstat"); return 1;    } 
    printf("BUFSIZ is %d, but optimal block size is %ld\n", BUFSIZ, stats.st_blksize);    if(setvbuf(fp, NULL, _IOFBF, stats.st_blksize) != 0) {       perror("setvbuf failed"); // POSIX version sets errno       return 1;    }
 
    int ch;    while((ch=fgetc(fp)) != EOF); // read entire file: use truss/strace to                                  // observe the read(2) syscalls used 
    fclose(fp);}

可能的输出:

BUFSIZ is 8192, but optimal block size is 65536

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.21.5.6 setvbuf函数(p:308)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.19.5.6 setvbuf函数(p:273-274)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.9.5.6 setvbuf函数

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