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文字

在头文件<stdlib.h>中定义



void qsort(void * ptr,size_t count,size_t size,int(* comp)(const void *,const void *));

(1)


errno_t qsort_s(void * ptr,rsize_t count,rsize_t size,int(* comp)(const void *,const void *,void *),void * context);

(2)

(自C11以来)

1)按照升序对ptr指向的给定数组进行排序。 该数组包含大小字节的计数元素。 由comp指向的函数用于对象比较。

2)与(1)相同,只是context传递附加的上下文参数,comp并且在运行时检测到以下错误并调用当前安装的约束处理函数:

  • countsize大于RSIZE_MAX

  • ptrcomp是一个空指针(除非count是零)

与所有边界检查函数一样,只有当__STDC_LIB_EXT1__由实现定义并且在包含stdlib.h之前用户将__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__定义为整数常量1时,qsort_s才能保证可用。

如果comp表示两个元素是等价的,则它们在结果排序数组中的顺序是未定义的。

参数

PTR

-

指向要排序的数组的指针

count

-

数组中元素的个数

size

-

数组中每个元素的大小(以字节为单位)

comp

-

比较函数,如果第一个参数小于第二个参数,则返回负整数值;如果第一个参数大于第二个参数,则返回正整数值;如果参数相等,则返回零。比较函数的签名应该等同于以下内容:int cmp(const void * a,const void * b); 该函数不得修改传递给它的对象,并且在调用相同对象时必须返回一致的结果,而不管它们在数组中的位置。

context

-

附加信息(例如,整理顺序),作为第三个参数传递给comp

返回值

1) (none)

2)成功时为零,如果检测到运行时约束违规,则为非零

注意

尽管有这个名字,C和POSIX标准都不需要使用快速排序来实现此功能,也不需要任何复杂性或稳定性保证。

与其他边界检查函数不同,qsort_s不会将零大小的数组视为运行时约束冲突,而是在不更改数组的情况下成功返回(另一个接受零大小数组的函数bsearch_s)。

直到qsort_sqsort的用户经常使用的全局变量传递附加的上下文的比较功能。

示例

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <limits.h>
 int compare_ints(const void* a, const void* b){
    int arg1 = *(const int*)a;
    int arg2 = *(const int*)b; 
    if (arg1 < arg2) return -1;    if (arg1 > arg2) return 1;    return 0; 
    // return (arg1 > arg2) - (arg1 < arg2); // possible shortcut    // return arg1 - arg2; // erroneous shortcut (fails if INT_MIN is present)}
 int main(void){
    int ints[] = { -2, 99, 0, -743, 2, INT_MIN, 4 };
    int size = sizeof ints / sizeof *ints; 
    qsort(ints, size, sizeof(int), compare_ints); 
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {        printf("%d ", ints[i]);    } 
    printf("\n");}

输出:

-2147483648 -743 -2 0 2 4 99

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.22.5.2 qsort 函数(p:355-356)

    • K.3.6.3.2 qsort_s函数(p:609)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.20.5.2 qsort 函数(p:319)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.10.5.2 qsort 函数

也可以看看

bsearchbsearch_s(C11)

在数组中搜索未指定类型的元素(函数)

| 用于qsort的C ++文档 |

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