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文字

在头文件<wchar.h>中定义



size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t * pwc,const char * s,size_t n,mbstate_t * ps);


(自C95以来)

size_t mbrtowc(wchar_t * restrict pwc,const char * restrict s,size_t n,mbstate_t * restrict ps);


(自C99以来)

将窄多字节字符转换为宽字符表示形式。

如果s不是空指针,则检查多字节字符串的至多n个字节,从s指向的字节开始,以确定完成下一个多字节字符(包括任何移位序列)所需的字节数。 如果函数确定s中的下一个多字节字符是完整且有效的,则将其转换为相应的宽字符并将其存储在* pwc中(如果pwc不为null)。

如果s是空指针,则忽略n和pwc的值,并且调用等同于mbrtowc(NULL,“”,1,ps)。

如果生成的宽字符为空字符,则* ps中存储的转换状态为初始转换状态。

参数

pwc

-

指向结果宽字符将被写入的位置的指针

s

-

指向用作输入的多字节字符串的指针

n

-

限制可以检查的s中的字节数

ps

-

指向解释多字节字符串时使用的转换状态的指针

返回值

以下第一项适用:

  • 如果从s转换的字符(并且如果非null则存储在pwc中)是空字符,则返回0

  • 返回从s成功转换的多字节字符的字节数[1 ... n]

  • 如果接下来的n个字节构成一个不完整的,但到目前为止有效的多字节字符。 没有什么是写给* pwc的。此时返回(size_t)-2

  • 如果发生编码错误, 没有任何内容写入* pwc,EILSEQ的值存储在errno中,* ps的值未指定。此时返回(size_t)-1

#include <stdio.h>#include <locale.h>#include <string.h>#include <wchar.h>
 int main(void){    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    mbstate_t state;    memset(&state, 0, sizeof state);
    char in[] = u8"z\u00df\u6c34\U0001F34C"; // or u8"zß水?"
    size_t in_sz = sizeof in / sizeof *in; 
    printf("Processing %zu UTF-8 code units: [ ", in_sz);    for(size_t n = 0; n < in_sz; ++n) printf("%#x ", (unsigned char)in[n]);    puts("]");
 
    wchar_t out[in_sz];
    char *p_in = in, *end = in + in_sz;
    wchar_t *p_out = out;
    int rc;    while((rc = mbrtowc(p_out, p_in, end - p_in, &state)) > 0)    {
        p_in += rc;
        p_out += 1;    }
 
    size_t out_sz = p_out - out + 1;    printf("into %zu wchar_t units: [ ", out_sz);    for(size_t x = 0; x < out_sz; ++x) printf("%#x ", out[x]);    puts("]");}

输出:

Processing 11 UTF-8 code units: [ 0x7a 0xc3 0x9f 0xe6 0xb0 0xb4 0xf0 0x9f 0x8d 0x8c 0 ]into 5 wchar_t units: [ 0x7a 0xdf 0x6c34 0x1f34c 0 ]

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.29.6.3.2 mbrtowc函数(p:443)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.24.6.3.2 mbrtowc函数(p:389)

扩展内容

mbtowc

将下一个多字节字符转换为宽字符(函数)

wcrtombwcrtomb_s(C95)(C11)

将宽字符转换为其多字节表示,给定状态(函数)

| mbrtowc的C ++文档 |

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在头文件<wctype.h>中定义



int iswdigit(wint_t ch);


(自C95以来)

检查给定的宽字符是否对应(如果缩小)十个十进制数字字符0123456789中的一个。

参数

CH

-

宽字符

返回值

如果宽字符是数字字符,则为非零值,否则为零。

注意

iswdigitiswxdigit是唯一不受当前安装的C语言环境影响的标准宽字符分类函数。

一些语言环境提供了检测非ASCII数字的附加字符类。

#include <stdio.h>#include <wctype.h>#include <wchar.h>#include <locale.h> void test(wchar_t a3, wchar_t u3, wchar_t j3){    printf("        '%lc' '%lc' '%lc'\n", a3, u3, j3);    printf("iswdigit %d    %d   %d\n",           !!iswdigit(a3), !!iswdigit(u3), !!iswdigit(j3));    printf("jdigit:  %d    %d   %d\n", !!iswctype(a3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(u3, wctype("jdigit")),          !!iswctype(j3, wctype("jdigit")));}
 int main(void){
    wchar_t a3 = L'3';  // the ASCII digit 3
    wchar_t u3 = L'三'; // the CJK numeral 3
    wchar_t j3 = L'3'; // the fullwidth digit 3 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");    puts("In American locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3); 
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "ja_JP.utf8");    puts("\nIn Japanese locale:");    test(a3, u3, j3);}

输出:

In American locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   0
 In Japanese locale:        '3' '三' '3'iswdigit 1    0   0jdigit:  0    0   1

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.30.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:449)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.25.2.1.5 iswdigit函数(p:395)

扩展内容

isdigit

检查一个字符是否是一个数字(功能)

| 用于iswdigit的C ++文档 |

ASCII 值  (十六进制)

字符

iscntrl  iswcntrl.

isprint  iswprint.

isspace  iswspace.

isblank  iswblank.

isgraph  iswgraph.

ispunct  iswpunct.

isalnum  iswalnum.

isalpha  iswalpha.

isupper  iswupper.

islower  iswlower.

isdigit  iswdigit.

isxdigit  iswxdigit.


0 - 8

0x00-0x08

控制码 (NUL, etc.)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

0x09

tab (\t)

≠0

0

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0

0

0

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10 - 13

0x0A-0x0D

空格 (\n,\v,\f,\r)

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0

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

14 - 31

0x0E-0x1F

控制码

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

32

0x20

space

0

≠0

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0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

33 - 47

0x21-0x2F

!"#$%&'()*+,-./

0

≠0

0

0

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0

0

0

0

0

0

48 - 57

0x30-0x39

0123456789

0

≠0

0

0

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0

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0

0

0

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58 - 64

0x3a-0x40

:;<=>?@

0

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0

0

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0

0

0

0

0

0

65 - 70

0x41-0x46

ABCDEF

0

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0

0

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0

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0

0

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71 - 90

0x47-0x5A

GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

0

≠0

0

0

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0

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0

0

0

91 - 96

0x5B-0x60

[]^_` | 0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | ≠0 | ≠0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |













97 -102

0x61-0x66

abcdef

0

≠0

0

0

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0

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0

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0

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103-122

0x67-0x7A

ghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

0

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≠0

0

≠0

0

0

123-126

0x7B-0x7E

{|}~

0

≠0

0

0

≠0

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

127

0x7F

退格 (DEL)

≠0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

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