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在头文件<stdlib.h>中定义



void * bsearch(const void * key,const void * ptr,size_t count,size_t size,int(* comp)(const void *,const void *));

(1)


void * bsearch_s(const void * key,const void * ptr,rsize_t count,rsize_t size,int(* comp)(const void *,const void *,void *),void * context);

(2)

(自C11以来)

1)查找与指向key的数组中指向的元素相等的元素ptr。该数组包含字节的count元素,size并且必须相对于key该元素进行分区,也就是说,比较的所有元素必须出现在所有比较相同的元素之前,并且这些元素必须出现在所有比该关键对象更大的元素之前。完全排序的数组满足这些要求。元素使用指向的函数进行比较comp。如果数组尚未*key按照使用的相同标准升序排列,则行为未定义comp

2)与(1)相同,只是context传递附加的上下文参数,comp并且在运行时检测到以下错误并调用当前安装的约束处理函数:

  • count or size is greater than RSIZE_MAX

  • key, ptr or comp is a null pointer (unless count is zero)

与所有边界检查的函数一样,bsearch_s只有__STDC_LIB_EXT1__在实现定义并且用户在包含之前定义__STDC_WANT_LIB_EXT1__为整数常量时1才能保证可用stdlib.h

如果该数组包含多个元素,这些元素comp将指示与搜索的元素相同,则未指定函数将作为结果返回的元素。

参数

-

指向要搜索的元素的指针

ptr

-

指向要检查的数组的指针

size

-

数组中元素的个数

size

-

数组中每个元素的大小(以字节为单位)

comp

-

比较函数,如果第一个参数小于第二个参数,则返回负整数值;如果第一个参数大于第二个参数,则返回正整数值;如果参数相等,则返回零。键作为第一个参数传递,数组中的元素作为第二个参数。比较函数的签名应该等同于以下内容:int cmp(const void * a,const void * b); 该函数不得修改传递给它的对象,并且在调用相同对象时必须返回一致的结果,而不管它们在数组中的位置。

context

-

附加信息(例如,整理顺序),作为第三个参数传递给comp

返回值

1)指向数组中等于*key或等于的元素的指针,或者如果没有找到该元素,则返回空指针。

2)与(1)相同,只是空指针在运行时约束违规时也返回。

笔记

尽管名称不同,C 或 POSIX 标准都不要求使用二分搜索来实现此功能,也不需要做任何复杂性保证。

与其他边界检查函数不同,bsearch_s不会将零大小的数组视为运行时约束违规,而是指示找不到的元素(另一个接受零大小数组的函数qsort_s)。

直到bsearch_s,用户bsearch经常使用的全局变量传递附加的上下文的比较功能。

示例

#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>
 struct data {
    int nr;
    char const *value;} dat[] = {    {1, "Foo"}, {2, "Bar"}, {3, "Hello"}, {4, "World"}};
 int data_cmp(void const *lhs, void const *rhs) {
    struct data const *const l = lhs;
    struct data const *const r = rhs; 
    if (l->nr < r->nr) return -1;    else if (l->nr > r->nr) return 1;    else return 0; 
    // return (l->nr > r->nr) - (l->nr < r->nr); // possible shortcut    // return l->nr - r->nr; // erroneous shortcut (fails if INT_MIN is present)}
 int main(void) {
    struct data key = { .nr = 3 };
    struct data const *res = bsearch(&key, dat, sizeof dat / sizeof dat[0],
                                     sizeof dat[0], data_cmp);    if (res) {        printf("No %d: %s\n", res->nr, res->value);    } else {        printf("No %d not found\n", key.nr);    }}

输出:

No 3: Hello

参考

  • C11标准(ISO / IEC 9899:2011):

    • 7.22.5.1 bsearch函数(p:355)

    • K.3.6.3.1 bsearch_s函数(p:608-609)

  • C99标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1999):

    • 7.20.5.1 bsearch函数(p:318-319)

  • C89 / C90标准(ISO / IEC 9899:1990):

    • 4.10.5.1 bsearch函数

也可以看看

qsortqsort_s(C11)

对一系列未指定类型的元素进行排序(函数)

| 用于bsearch的C ++文档 |

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